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stac module

PlanetaryComputerEndpoint (TitilerEndpoint)

This class contains the methods for the Microsoft Planetary Computer endpoint.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
class PlanetaryComputerEndpoint(TitilerEndpoint):
    """This class contains the methods for the Microsoft Planetary Computer endpoint."""

    def __init__(
        self,
        endpoint: Optional[str] = "https://planetarycomputer.microsoft.com/api/data/v1",
        name: Optional[str] = "item",
        TileMatrixSetId: Optional[str] = "WebMercatorQuad",
    ) -> None:
        """Initialize the PlanetaryComputerEndpoint object.

        Args:
            endpoint: The endpoint of the titiler server. Defaults to Microsoft
                Planetary Computer API endpoint.
            name: The name to be used in the file path. Defaults to "item".
            TileMatrixSetId: The TileMatrixSetId to be used in the file path.
                Defaults to "WebMercatorQuad".
        """
        super().__init__(endpoint, name, TileMatrixSetId)

    def url_for_stac_collection(self) -> str:
        """Generate URL for STAC collection tilejson.

        Returns:
            URL string for STAC collection tilejson endpoint.
        """
        return f"{self.endpoint}/collection/{self.TileMatrixSetId}/tilejson.json"

    def url_for_collection_assets(self) -> str:
        """Generate URL for collection assets.

        Returns:
            URL string for collection assets endpoint.
        """
        return f"{self.endpoint}/collection/assets"

    def url_for_collection_bounds(self) -> str:
        """Generate URL for collection bounds.

        Returns:
            URL string for collection bounds endpoint.
        """
        return f"{self.endpoint}/collection/bounds"

    def url_for_collection_info(self) -> str:
        """Generate URL for collection info.

        Returns:
            URL string for collection info endpoint.
        """
        return f"{self.endpoint}/collection/info"

    def url_for_collection_info_geojson(self) -> str:
        """Generate URL for collection info as GeoJSON.

        Returns:
            URL string for collection info GeoJSON endpoint.
        """
        return f"{self.endpoint}/collection/info.geojson"

    def url_for_collection_pixel_value(self, lon: float, lat: float) -> str:
        """Generate URL for collection pixel value at coordinates.

        Args:
            lon: Longitude coordinate.
            lat: Latitude coordinate.

        Returns:
            URL string for collection pixel value endpoint.
        """
        return f"{self.endpoint}/collection/point/{lon},{lat}"

    def url_for_collection_wmts(self) -> str:
        """Generate URL for collection WMTS capabilities.

        Returns:
            URL string for collection WMTS capabilities endpoint.
        """
        return f"{self.endpoint}/collection/{self.TileMatrixSetId}/WMTSCapabilities.xml"

    def url_for_collection_lat_lon_assets(self, lng: float, lat: float) -> str:
        """Generate URL for collection assets at coordinates.

        Args:
            lng: Longitude coordinate.
            lat: Latitude coordinate.

        Returns:
            URL string for collection assets at coordinates endpoint.
        """
        return f"{self.endpoint}/collection/{lng},{lat}/assets"

    def url_for_collection_bbox_assets(
        self, minx: float, miny: float, maxx: float, maxy: float
    ) -> str:
        """Generate URL for collection assets within bounding box.

        Args:
            minx: Minimum x coordinate.
            miny: Minimum y coordinate.
            maxx: Maximum x coordinate.
            maxy: Maximum y coordinate.

        Returns:
            URL string for collection assets within bounding box endpoint.
        """
        return f"{self.endpoint}/collection/{minx},{miny},{maxx},{maxy}/assets"

    def url_for_stac_mosaic(self, searchid: str) -> str:
        """Generate URL for STAC mosaic tilejson.

        Args:
            searchid: Search ID for the mosaic.

        Returns:
            URL string for STAC mosaic tilejson endpoint.
        """
        return f"{self.endpoint}/mosaic/{searchid}/{self.TileMatrixSetId}/tilejson.json"

    def url_for_mosaic_info(self, searchid: str) -> str:
        """Generate URL for mosaic info.

        Args:
            searchid: Search ID for the mosaic.

        Returns:
            URL string for mosaic info endpoint.
        """
        return f"{self.endpoint}/mosaic/{searchid}/info"

    def url_for_mosaic_lat_lon_assets(
        self, searchid: str, lon: float, lat: float
    ) -> str:
        """Generate URL for mosaic assets at coordinates.

        Args:
            searchid: Search ID for the mosaic.
            lon: Longitude coordinate.
            lat: Latitude coordinate.

        Returns:
            URL string for mosaic assets at coordinates endpoint.
        """
        return f"{self.endpoint}/mosaic/{searchid}/{lon},{lat}/assets"

__init__(self, endpoint='https://planetarycomputer.microsoft.com/api/data/v1', name='item', TileMatrixSetId='WebMercatorQuad') special

Initialize the PlanetaryComputerEndpoint object.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
endpoint Optional[str]

The endpoint of the titiler server. Defaults to Microsoft Planetary Computer API endpoint.

'https://planetarycomputer.microsoft.com/api/data/v1'
name Optional[str]

The name to be used in the file path. Defaults to "item".

'item'
TileMatrixSetId Optional[str]

The TileMatrixSetId to be used in the file path. Defaults to "WebMercatorQuad".

'WebMercatorQuad'
Source code in anymap/stac.py
def __init__(
    self,
    endpoint: Optional[str] = "https://planetarycomputer.microsoft.com/api/data/v1",
    name: Optional[str] = "item",
    TileMatrixSetId: Optional[str] = "WebMercatorQuad",
) -> None:
    """Initialize the PlanetaryComputerEndpoint object.

    Args:
        endpoint: The endpoint of the titiler server. Defaults to Microsoft
            Planetary Computer API endpoint.
        name: The name to be used in the file path. Defaults to "item".
        TileMatrixSetId: The TileMatrixSetId to be used in the file path.
            Defaults to "WebMercatorQuad".
    """
    super().__init__(endpoint, name, TileMatrixSetId)

url_for_collection_assets(self)

Generate URL for collection assets.

Returns:

Type Description
str

URL string for collection assets endpoint.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def url_for_collection_assets(self) -> str:
    """Generate URL for collection assets.

    Returns:
        URL string for collection assets endpoint.
    """
    return f"{self.endpoint}/collection/assets"

url_for_collection_bbox_assets(self, minx, miny, maxx, maxy)

Generate URL for collection assets within bounding box.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
minx float

Minimum x coordinate.

required
miny float

Minimum y coordinate.

required
maxx float

Maximum x coordinate.

required
maxy float

Maximum y coordinate.

required

Returns:

Type Description
str

URL string for collection assets within bounding box endpoint.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def url_for_collection_bbox_assets(
    self, minx: float, miny: float, maxx: float, maxy: float
) -> str:
    """Generate URL for collection assets within bounding box.

    Args:
        minx: Minimum x coordinate.
        miny: Minimum y coordinate.
        maxx: Maximum x coordinate.
        maxy: Maximum y coordinate.

    Returns:
        URL string for collection assets within bounding box endpoint.
    """
    return f"{self.endpoint}/collection/{minx},{miny},{maxx},{maxy}/assets"

url_for_collection_bounds(self)

Generate URL for collection bounds.

Returns:

Type Description
str

URL string for collection bounds endpoint.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def url_for_collection_bounds(self) -> str:
    """Generate URL for collection bounds.

    Returns:
        URL string for collection bounds endpoint.
    """
    return f"{self.endpoint}/collection/bounds"

url_for_collection_info(self)

Generate URL for collection info.

Returns:

Type Description
str

URL string for collection info endpoint.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def url_for_collection_info(self) -> str:
    """Generate URL for collection info.

    Returns:
        URL string for collection info endpoint.
    """
    return f"{self.endpoint}/collection/info"

url_for_collection_info_geojson(self)

Generate URL for collection info as GeoJSON.

Returns:

Type Description
str

URL string for collection info GeoJSON endpoint.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def url_for_collection_info_geojson(self) -> str:
    """Generate URL for collection info as GeoJSON.

    Returns:
        URL string for collection info GeoJSON endpoint.
    """
    return f"{self.endpoint}/collection/info.geojson"

url_for_collection_lat_lon_assets(self, lng, lat)

Generate URL for collection assets at coordinates.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
lng float

Longitude coordinate.

required
lat float

Latitude coordinate.

required

Returns:

Type Description
str

URL string for collection assets at coordinates endpoint.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def url_for_collection_lat_lon_assets(self, lng: float, lat: float) -> str:
    """Generate URL for collection assets at coordinates.

    Args:
        lng: Longitude coordinate.
        lat: Latitude coordinate.

    Returns:
        URL string for collection assets at coordinates endpoint.
    """
    return f"{self.endpoint}/collection/{lng},{lat}/assets"

url_for_collection_pixel_value(self, lon, lat)

Generate URL for collection pixel value at coordinates.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
lon float

Longitude coordinate.

required
lat float

Latitude coordinate.

required

Returns:

Type Description
str

URL string for collection pixel value endpoint.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def url_for_collection_pixel_value(self, lon: float, lat: float) -> str:
    """Generate URL for collection pixel value at coordinates.

    Args:
        lon: Longitude coordinate.
        lat: Latitude coordinate.

    Returns:
        URL string for collection pixel value endpoint.
    """
    return f"{self.endpoint}/collection/point/{lon},{lat}"

url_for_collection_wmts(self)

Generate URL for collection WMTS capabilities.

Returns:

Type Description
str

URL string for collection WMTS capabilities endpoint.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def url_for_collection_wmts(self) -> str:
    """Generate URL for collection WMTS capabilities.

    Returns:
        URL string for collection WMTS capabilities endpoint.
    """
    return f"{self.endpoint}/collection/{self.TileMatrixSetId}/WMTSCapabilities.xml"

url_for_mosaic_info(self, searchid)

Generate URL for mosaic info.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
searchid str

Search ID for the mosaic.

required

Returns:

Type Description
str

URL string for mosaic info endpoint.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def url_for_mosaic_info(self, searchid: str) -> str:
    """Generate URL for mosaic info.

    Args:
        searchid: Search ID for the mosaic.

    Returns:
        URL string for mosaic info endpoint.
    """
    return f"{self.endpoint}/mosaic/{searchid}/info"

url_for_mosaic_lat_lon_assets(self, searchid, lon, lat)

Generate URL for mosaic assets at coordinates.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
searchid str

Search ID for the mosaic.

required
lon float

Longitude coordinate.

required
lat float

Latitude coordinate.

required

Returns:

Type Description
str

URL string for mosaic assets at coordinates endpoint.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def url_for_mosaic_lat_lon_assets(
    self, searchid: str, lon: float, lat: float
) -> str:
    """Generate URL for mosaic assets at coordinates.

    Args:
        searchid: Search ID for the mosaic.
        lon: Longitude coordinate.
        lat: Latitude coordinate.

    Returns:
        URL string for mosaic assets at coordinates endpoint.
    """
    return f"{self.endpoint}/mosaic/{searchid}/{lon},{lat}/assets"

url_for_stac_collection(self)

Generate URL for STAC collection tilejson.

Returns:

Type Description
str

URL string for STAC collection tilejson endpoint.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def url_for_stac_collection(self) -> str:
    """Generate URL for STAC collection tilejson.

    Returns:
        URL string for STAC collection tilejson endpoint.
    """
    return f"{self.endpoint}/collection/{self.TileMatrixSetId}/tilejson.json"

url_for_stac_mosaic(self, searchid)

Generate URL for STAC mosaic tilejson.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
searchid str

Search ID for the mosaic.

required

Returns:

Type Description
str

URL string for STAC mosaic tilejson endpoint.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def url_for_stac_mosaic(self, searchid: str) -> str:
    """Generate URL for STAC mosaic tilejson.

    Args:
        searchid: Search ID for the mosaic.

    Returns:
        URL string for STAC mosaic tilejson endpoint.
    """
    return f"{self.endpoint}/mosaic/{searchid}/{self.TileMatrixSetId}/tilejson.json"

TitilerEndpoint

This class contains the methods for the titiler endpoint.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
class TitilerEndpoint:
    """This class contains the methods for the titiler endpoint."""

    def __init__(
        self,
        endpoint: Optional[str] = None,
        name: Optional[str] = "stac",
        TileMatrixSetId: Optional[str] = "WebMercatorQuad",
    ) -> None:
        """Initialize the TiTilerEndpoint object.

        Args:
            endpoint: The endpoint of the titiler server. Defaults to None.
            name: The name to be used in the file path. Defaults to "stac".
            TileMatrixSetId: The TileMatrixSetId to be used in the file path.
                Defaults to "WebMercatorQuad".
        """
        self.endpoint = endpoint
        self.name = name
        self.TileMatrixSetId = TileMatrixSetId

    def url_for_stac_item(self) -> str:
        """Generate URL for STAC item tilejson.

        Returns:
            URL string for STAC item tilejson endpoint.
        """
        return f"{self.endpoint}/{self.name}/{self.TileMatrixSetId}/tilejson.json"

    def url_for_stac_assets(self) -> str:
        """Generate URL for STAC assets.

        Returns:
            URL string for STAC assets endpoint.
        """
        return f"{self.endpoint}/{self.name}/assets"

    def url_for_stac_bounds(self) -> str:
        """Generate URL for STAC bounds.

        Returns:
            URL string for STAC bounds endpoint.
        """
        return f"{self.endpoint}/{self.name}/bounds"

    def url_for_stac_info(self) -> str:
        """Generate URL for STAC info.

        Returns:
            URL string for STAC info endpoint.
        """
        return f"{self.endpoint}/{self.name}/info"

    def url_for_stac_info_geojson(self) -> str:
        """Generate URL for STAC info as GeoJSON.

        Returns:
            URL string for STAC info GeoJSON endpoint.
        """
        return f"{self.endpoint}/{self.name}/info.geojson"

    def url_for_stac_statistics(self) -> str:
        """Generate URL for STAC statistics.

        Returns:
            URL string for STAC statistics endpoint.
        """
        return f"{self.endpoint}/{self.name}/statistics"

    def url_for_stac_pixel_value(self, lon: float, lat: float) -> str:
        """Generate URL for STAC pixel value at coordinates.

        Args:
            lon: Longitude coordinate.
            lat: Latitude coordinate.

        Returns:
            URL string for STAC pixel value endpoint.
        """
        return f"{self.endpoint}/{self.name}/point/{lon},{lat}"

    def url_for_stac_wmts(self) -> str:
        """Generate URL for STAC WMTS capabilities.

        Returns:
            URL string for STAC WMTS capabilities endpoint.
        """
        return (
            f"{self.endpoint}/{self.name}/{self.TileMatrixSetId}/WMTSCapabilities.xml"
        )

__init__(self, endpoint=None, name='stac', TileMatrixSetId='WebMercatorQuad') special

Initialize the TiTilerEndpoint object.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
endpoint Optional[str]

The endpoint of the titiler server. Defaults to None.

None
name Optional[str]

The name to be used in the file path. Defaults to "stac".

'stac'
TileMatrixSetId Optional[str]

The TileMatrixSetId to be used in the file path. Defaults to "WebMercatorQuad".

'WebMercatorQuad'
Source code in anymap/stac.py
def __init__(
    self,
    endpoint: Optional[str] = None,
    name: Optional[str] = "stac",
    TileMatrixSetId: Optional[str] = "WebMercatorQuad",
) -> None:
    """Initialize the TiTilerEndpoint object.

    Args:
        endpoint: The endpoint of the titiler server. Defaults to None.
        name: The name to be used in the file path. Defaults to "stac".
        TileMatrixSetId: The TileMatrixSetId to be used in the file path.
            Defaults to "WebMercatorQuad".
    """
    self.endpoint = endpoint
    self.name = name
    self.TileMatrixSetId = TileMatrixSetId

url_for_stac_assets(self)

Generate URL for STAC assets.

Returns:

Type Description
str

URL string for STAC assets endpoint.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def url_for_stac_assets(self) -> str:
    """Generate URL for STAC assets.

    Returns:
        URL string for STAC assets endpoint.
    """
    return f"{self.endpoint}/{self.name}/assets"

url_for_stac_bounds(self)

Generate URL for STAC bounds.

Returns:

Type Description
str

URL string for STAC bounds endpoint.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def url_for_stac_bounds(self) -> str:
    """Generate URL for STAC bounds.

    Returns:
        URL string for STAC bounds endpoint.
    """
    return f"{self.endpoint}/{self.name}/bounds"

url_for_stac_info(self)

Generate URL for STAC info.

Returns:

Type Description
str

URL string for STAC info endpoint.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def url_for_stac_info(self) -> str:
    """Generate URL for STAC info.

    Returns:
        URL string for STAC info endpoint.
    """
    return f"{self.endpoint}/{self.name}/info"

url_for_stac_info_geojson(self)

Generate URL for STAC info as GeoJSON.

Returns:

Type Description
str

URL string for STAC info GeoJSON endpoint.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def url_for_stac_info_geojson(self) -> str:
    """Generate URL for STAC info as GeoJSON.

    Returns:
        URL string for STAC info GeoJSON endpoint.
    """
    return f"{self.endpoint}/{self.name}/info.geojson"

url_for_stac_item(self)

Generate URL for STAC item tilejson.

Returns:

Type Description
str

URL string for STAC item tilejson endpoint.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def url_for_stac_item(self) -> str:
    """Generate URL for STAC item tilejson.

    Returns:
        URL string for STAC item tilejson endpoint.
    """
    return f"{self.endpoint}/{self.name}/{self.TileMatrixSetId}/tilejson.json"

url_for_stac_pixel_value(self, lon, lat)

Generate URL for STAC pixel value at coordinates.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
lon float

Longitude coordinate.

required
lat float

Latitude coordinate.

required

Returns:

Type Description
str

URL string for STAC pixel value endpoint.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def url_for_stac_pixel_value(self, lon: float, lat: float) -> str:
    """Generate URL for STAC pixel value at coordinates.

    Args:
        lon: Longitude coordinate.
        lat: Latitude coordinate.

    Returns:
        URL string for STAC pixel value endpoint.
    """
    return f"{self.endpoint}/{self.name}/point/{lon},{lat}"

url_for_stac_statistics(self)

Generate URL for STAC statistics.

Returns:

Type Description
str

URL string for STAC statistics endpoint.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def url_for_stac_statistics(self) -> str:
    """Generate URL for STAC statistics.

    Returns:
        URL string for STAC statistics endpoint.
    """
    return f"{self.endpoint}/{self.name}/statistics"

url_for_stac_wmts(self)

Generate URL for STAC WMTS capabilities.

Returns:

Type Description
str

URL string for STAC WMTS capabilities endpoint.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def url_for_stac_wmts(self) -> str:
    """Generate URL for STAC WMTS capabilities.

    Returns:
        URL string for STAC WMTS capabilities endpoint.
    """
    return (
        f"{self.endpoint}/{self.name}/{self.TileMatrixSetId}/WMTSCapabilities.xml"
    )

check_titiler_endpoint(titiler_endpoint=None)

Returns the default titiler endpoint.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
titiler_endpoint Optional[str]

Optional titiler endpoint. If None, will check environment variables or use default endpoint.

None

Returns:

Type Description
Union[str, anymap.stac.TitilerEndpoint, anymap.stac.PlanetaryComputerEndpoint]

A titiler endpoint (string URL or endpoint object).

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def check_titiler_endpoint(
    titiler_endpoint: Optional[str] = None,
) -> Union[str, TitilerEndpoint, PlanetaryComputerEndpoint]:
    """Returns the default titiler endpoint.

    Args:
        titiler_endpoint: Optional titiler endpoint. If None, will check environment
            variables or use default endpoint.

    Returns:
        A titiler endpoint (string URL or endpoint object).
    """
    if titiler_endpoint is None:
        if os.environ.get("TITILER_ENDPOINT") is not None:
            titiler_endpoint = os.environ.get("TITILER_ENDPOINT")

            if titiler_endpoint == "planetary-computer":
                titiler_endpoint = PlanetaryComputerEndpoint()
        else:
            titiler_endpoint = "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space"
    elif titiler_endpoint in ["planetary-computer", "pc"]:
        titiler_endpoint = PlanetaryComputerEndpoint()

    return titiler_endpoint

cog_bands(url, titiler_endpoint=None)

Get band names of a Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG).

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

HTTP URL to a COG, e.g., https://opendata.digitalglobe.com/events/mauritius-oil-spill/post-event/2020-08-12/105001001F1B5B00/105001001F1B5B00.tif

required
titiler_endpoint str

TiTiler endpoint. Defaults to "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space".

None

Returns:

Type Description
list

A list of band names

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def cog_bands(
    url: str,
    titiler_endpoint: Optional[str] = None,
) -> List:
    """Get band names of a Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG).

    Args:
        url (str): HTTP URL to a COG, e.g., https://opendata.digitalglobe.com/events/mauritius-oil-spill/post-event/2020-08-12/105001001F1B5B00/105001001F1B5B00.tif
        titiler_endpoint (str, optional): TiTiler endpoint. Defaults to "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space".

    Returns:
        list: A list of band names
    """

    titiler_endpoint = check_titiler_endpoint(titiler_endpoint)
    r = requests.get(
        f"{titiler_endpoint}/cog/info",
        params={
            "url": url,
        },
    ).json()

    bands = [b[0] for b in r["band_descriptions"]]
    return bands

cog_bounds(url, titiler_endpoint=None)

Get the bounding box of a Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG).

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

HTTP URL to a COG, e.g., https://opendata.digitalglobe.com/events/mauritius-oil-spill/post-event/2020-08-12/105001001F1B5B00/105001001F1B5B00.tif

required
titiler_endpoint Optional[str]

TiTiler endpoint. Defaults to "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space".

None

Returns:

Type Description
List[float]

A list of values representing [left, bottom, right, top].

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def cog_bounds(
    url: str,
    titiler_endpoint: Optional[str] = None,
) -> List[float]:
    """Get the bounding box of a Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG).

    Args:
        url: HTTP URL to a COG, e.g.,
            https://opendata.digitalglobe.com/events/mauritius-oil-spill/post-event/2020-08-12/105001001F1B5B00/105001001F1B5B00.tif
        titiler_endpoint: TiTiler endpoint. Defaults to "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space".

    Returns:
        A list of values representing [left, bottom, right, top].
    """

    titiler_endpoint = check_titiler_endpoint(titiler_endpoint)
    r = requests.get(f"{titiler_endpoint}/cog/bounds", params={"url": url}).json()

    if "bounds" in r.keys():
        bounds = r["bounds"]
    else:
        bounds = None
    return bounds

cog_center(url, titiler_endpoint=None)

Get the centroid of a Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG).

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

HTTP URL to a COG, e.g., https://opendata.digitalglobe.com/events/mauritius-oil-spill/post-event/2020-08-12/105001001F1B5B00/105001001F1B5B00.tif

required
titiler_endpoint str

TiTiler endpoint. Defaults to "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space".

None

Returns:

Type Description
tuple

A tuple representing (longitude, latitude)

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def cog_center(
    url: str,
    titiler_endpoint: Optional[str] = None,
) -> Tuple:
    """Get the centroid of a Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG).

    Args:
        url (str): HTTP URL to a COG, e.g., https://opendata.digitalglobe.com/events/mauritius-oil-spill/post-event/2020-08-12/105001001F1B5B00/105001001F1B5B00.tif
        titiler_endpoint (str, optional): TiTiler endpoint. Defaults to "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space".

    Returns:
        tuple: A tuple representing (longitude, latitude)
    """
    titiler_endpoint = check_titiler_endpoint(titiler_endpoint)
    bounds = cog_bounds(url, titiler_endpoint)
    center = ((bounds[0] + bounds[2]) / 2, (bounds[1] + bounds[3]) / 2)  # (lat, lon)
    return center

cog_info(url, titiler_endpoint=None, return_geojson=False)

Get band statistics of a Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG).

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

HTTP URL to a COG, e.g., https://opendata.digitalglobe.com/events/mauritius-oil-spill/post-event/2020-08-12/105001001F1B5B00/105001001F1B5B00.tif

required
titiler_endpoint str

TiTiler endpoint. Defaults to "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space".

None

Returns:

Type Description
list

A dictionary of band info.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def cog_info(
    url: str,
    titiler_endpoint: Optional[str] = None,
    return_geojson: Optional[bool] = False,
) -> List:
    """Get band statistics of a Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG).

    Args:
        url (str): HTTP URL to a COG, e.g., https://opendata.digitalglobe.com/events/mauritius-oil-spill/post-event/2020-08-12/105001001F1B5B00/105001001F1B5B00.tif
        titiler_endpoint (str, optional): TiTiler endpoint. Defaults to "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space".

    Returns:
        list: A dictionary of band info.
    """

    titiler_endpoint = check_titiler_endpoint(titiler_endpoint)
    info = "info"
    if return_geojson:
        info = "info.geojson"

    try:
        r = requests.get(
            f"{titiler_endpoint}/cog/{info}",
            params={
                "url": url,
            },
            timeout=10,
        ).json()
    except Exception as e:
        titiler_endpoint = "https://titiler.xyz"
        r = requests.get(
            f"{titiler_endpoint}/cog/{info}",
            params={
                "url": url,
            },
            timeout=10,
        ).json()

    return r

cog_mosaic(links, titiler_endpoint=None, username='anonymous', layername=None, overwrite=False, verbose=True, **kwargs)

Creates a COG mosaic from a list of COG URLs.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
links list

A list containing COG HTTP URLs.

required
titiler_endpoint str

TiTiler endpoint. Defaults to "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space".

None
username str

User name for the titiler endpoint. Defaults to "anonymous".

'anonymous'
layername [type]

Layer name to use. Defaults to None.

None
overwrite bool

Whether to overwrite the layer name if existing. Defaults to False.

False
verbose bool

Whether to print out descriptive information. Defaults to True.

True

Exceptions:

Type Description
Exception

If the COG mosaic fails to create.

Returns:

Type Description
str

The tile URL for the COG mosaic.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def cog_mosaic(
    links: List,
    titiler_endpoint: Optional[str] = None,
    username: Optional[str] = "anonymous",
    layername=None,
    overwrite: Optional[bool] = False,
    verbose: Optional[bool] = True,
    **kwargs,
) -> str:
    """Creates a COG mosaic from a list of COG URLs.

    Args:
        links (list): A list containing COG HTTP URLs.
        titiler_endpoint (str, optional): TiTiler endpoint. Defaults to "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space".
        username (str, optional): User name for the titiler endpoint. Defaults to "anonymous".
        layername ([type], optional): Layer name to use. Defaults to None.
        overwrite (bool, optional): Whether to overwrite the layer name if existing. Defaults to False.
        verbose (bool, optional): Whether to print out descriptive information. Defaults to True.

    Raises:
        Exception: If the COG mosaic fails to create.

    Returns:
        str: The tile URL for the COG mosaic.
    """

    titiler_endpoint = check_titiler_endpoint(titiler_endpoint)
    if layername is None:
        layername = "layer_X"

    try:
        if verbose:
            print("Creating COG masaic ...")

        # Create token
        r = requests.post(
            f"{titiler_endpoint}/tokens/create",
            json={"username": username, "scope": ["mosaic:read", "mosaic:create"]},
        ).json()
        token = r["token"]

        # Create mosaic
        requests.post(
            f"{titiler_endpoint}/mosaicjson/create",
            json={
                "username": username,
                "layername": layername,
                "files": links,
                # "overwrite": overwrite
            },
            params={
                "access_token": token,
            },
        ).json()

        r2 = requests.get(
            f"{titiler_endpoint}/mosaicjson/{username}.{layername}/tilejson.json",
        ).json()

        return r2["tiles"][0]

    except Exception as e:
        raise Exception(e)

cog_mosaic_from_file(filepath, skip_rows=0, titiler_endpoint=None, username='anonymous', layername=None, overwrite=False, verbose=True, **kwargs)

Creates a COG mosaic from a csv/txt file stored locally for through HTTP URL.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
filepath str

Local path or HTTP URL to the csv/txt file containing COG URLs.

required
skip_rows int

The number of rows to skip in the file. Defaults to 0.

0
titiler_endpoint str

TiTiler endpoint. Defaults to "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space".

None
username str

User name for the titiler endpoint. Defaults to "anonymous".

'anonymous'
layername [type]

Layer name to use. Defaults to None.

None
overwrite bool

Whether to overwrite the layer name if existing. Defaults to False.

False
verbose bool

Whether to print out descriptive information. Defaults to True.

True

Returns:

Type Description
str

The tile URL for the COG mosaic.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def cog_mosaic_from_file(
    filepath: str,
    skip_rows: Optional[int] = 0,
    titiler_endpoint: Optional[str] = None,
    username: Optional[str] = "anonymous",
    layername=None,
    overwrite: Optional[bool] = False,
    verbose: Optional[bool] = True,
    **kwargs,
) -> str:
    """Creates a COG mosaic from a csv/txt file stored locally for through HTTP URL.

    Args:
        filepath (str): Local path or HTTP URL to the csv/txt file containing COG URLs.
        skip_rows (int, optional): The number of rows to skip in the file. Defaults to 0.
        titiler_endpoint (str, optional): TiTiler endpoint. Defaults to "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space".
        username (str, optional): User name for the titiler endpoint. Defaults to "anonymous".
        layername ([type], optional): Layer name to use. Defaults to None.
        overwrite (bool, optional): Whether to overwrite the layer name if existing. Defaults to False.
        verbose (bool, optional): Whether to print out descriptive information. Defaults to True.

    Returns:
        str: The tile URL for the COG mosaic.
    """
    import urllib

    titiler_endpoint = check_titiler_endpoint(titiler_endpoint)
    links = []
    if filepath.startswith("http"):
        data = urllib.request.urlopen(filepath)
        for line in data:
            links.append(line.decode("utf-8").strip())

    else:
        with open(filepath) as f:
            links = [line.strip() for line in f.readlines()]

    links = links[skip_rows:]
    # print(links)
    mosaic = cog_mosaic(
        links, titiler_endpoint, username, layername, overwrite, verbose, **kwargs
    )
    return mosaic

cog_pixel_value(lon, lat, url, bidx, titiler_endpoint=None, verbose=True, **kwargs)

Get pixel value from COG.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
lon float

Longitude of the pixel.

required
lat float

Latitude of the pixel.

required
url str

HTTP URL to a COG, e.g., 'https://github.com/opengeos/data/releases/download/raster/Libya-2023-07-01.tif'

required
bidx str

Dataset band indexes (e.g bidx=1, bidx=1&bidx=2&bidx=3). Defaults to None.

required
titiler_endpoint str

TiTiler endpoint, e.g., "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space", "planetary-computer", "pc". Defaults to None.

None
verbose bool

Print status messages. Defaults to True.

True

Returns:

Type Description
list

A dictionary of band info.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def cog_pixel_value(
    lon: float,
    lat: float,
    url: str,
    bidx: Optional[str],
    titiler_endpoint: Optional[str] = None,
    verbose: Optional[bool] = True,
    **kwargs,
) -> List:
    """Get pixel value from COG.

    Args:
        lon (float): Longitude of the pixel.
        lat (float): Latitude of the pixel.
        url (str): HTTP URL to a COG, e.g., 'https://github.com/opengeos/data/releases/download/raster/Libya-2023-07-01.tif'
        bidx (str, optional): Dataset band indexes (e.g bidx=1, bidx=1&bidx=2&bidx=3). Defaults to None.
        titiler_endpoint (str, optional): TiTiler endpoint, e.g., "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space", "planetary-computer", "pc". Defaults to None.
        verbose (bool, optional): Print status messages. Defaults to True.

    Returns:
        list: A dictionary of band info.
    """

    titiler_endpoint = check_titiler_endpoint(titiler_endpoint)
    kwargs["url"] = url
    if bidx is not None:
        kwargs["bidx"] = bidx

    r = requests.get(f"{titiler_endpoint}/cog/point/{lon},{lat}", params=kwargs).json()
    bands = cog_bands(url, titiler_endpoint)
    # if isinstance(titiler_endpoint, str):
    #     r = requests.get(f"{titiler_endpoint}/cog/point/{lon},{lat}", params=kwargs).json()
    # else:
    #     r = requests.get(
    #         titiler_endpoint.url_for_stac_pixel_value(lon, lat), params=kwargs
    #     ).json()

    if "detail" in r:
        if verbose:
            print(r["detail"])
        return None
    else:
        values = r["values"]
        result = dict(zip(bands, values))
        return result

cog_stats(url, titiler_endpoint=None)

Get band statistics of a Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG).

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

HTTP URL to a COG, e.g., https://opendata.digitalglobe.com/events/mauritius-oil-spill/post-event/2020-08-12/105001001F1B5B00/105001001F1B5B00.tif

required
titiler_endpoint str

TiTiler endpoint. Defaults to "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space".

None

Returns:

Type Description
list

A dictionary of band statistics.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def cog_stats(
    url: str,
    titiler_endpoint: Optional[str] = None,
) -> List:
    """Get band statistics of a Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG).

    Args:
        url (str): HTTP URL to a COG, e.g., https://opendata.digitalglobe.com/events/mauritius-oil-spill/post-event/2020-08-12/105001001F1B5B00/105001001F1B5B00.tif
        titiler_endpoint (str, optional): TiTiler endpoint. Defaults to "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space".

    Returns:
        list: A dictionary of band statistics.
    """

    titiler_endpoint = check_titiler_endpoint(titiler_endpoint)
    try:
        r = requests.get(
            f"{titiler_endpoint}/cog/statistics",
            params={
                "url": url,
            },
            timeout=10,
        ).json()
    except Exception as e:
        titiler_endpoint = "https://titiler.xyz"
        r = requests.get(
            f"{titiler_endpoint}/cog/statistics",
            params={
                "url": url,
            },
            timeout=10,
        ).json()

    return r

cog_tile(url, bands=None, titiler_endpoint=None, **kwargs)

Get a tile layer from a Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG).

Source code adapted from https://developmentseed.org/titiler/examples/notebooks/Working_with_CloudOptimizedGeoTIFF_simple/

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

HTTP URL to a COG, e.g., https://opendata.digitalglobe.com/events/mauritius-oil-spill/post-event/2020-08-12/105001001F1B5B00/105001001F1B5B00.tif

required
bands Union[str, List[Union[str, int]]]

List of bands to use. Can be band names (strings) or indices (integers). Defaults to None.

None
titiler_endpoint Optional[str]

TiTiler endpoint. Defaults to "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space".

None
**kwargs Any

Additional arguments to pass to the titiler endpoint. For more information about the available arguments, see https://developmentseed.org/titiler/endpoints/cog/#tiles. For example, to apply a rescaling to multiple bands, use something like rescale=["164,223","130,211","99,212"].

{}

Returns:

Type Description
Tuple[str, List[float]]

A tuple containing the COG tile layer URL and bounds.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def cog_tile(
    url: str,
    bands: Optional[Union[str, List[Union[str, int]]]] = None,
    titiler_endpoint: Optional[str] = None,
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> Tuple[str, List[float]]:
    """Get a tile layer from a Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG).

    Source code adapted from https://developmentseed.org/titiler/examples/notebooks/Working_with_CloudOptimizedGeoTIFF_simple/

    Args:
        url: HTTP URL to a COG, e.g.,
            https://opendata.digitalglobe.com/events/mauritius-oil-spill/post-event/2020-08-12/105001001F1B5B00/105001001F1B5B00.tif
        bands: List of bands to use. Can be band names (strings) or indices (integers).
            Defaults to None.
        titiler_endpoint: TiTiler endpoint. Defaults to
            "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space".
        **kwargs: Additional arguments to pass to the titiler endpoint. For more
            information about the available arguments, see
            https://developmentseed.org/titiler/endpoints/cog/#tiles.
            For example, to apply a rescaling to multiple bands, use something like
            `rescale=["164,223","130,211","99,212"]`.

    Returns:
        A tuple containing the COG tile layer URL and bounds.
    """
    import json

    titiler_endpoint = check_titiler_endpoint(titiler_endpoint)

    kwargs["url"] = url

    try:
        band_names = cog_bands(url, titiler_endpoint)
    except Exception as e:
        titiler_endpoint = "https://titiler.xyz"
        band_names = cog_bands(url, titiler_endpoint)

    if isinstance(bands, str):
        bands = [bands]

    if bands is None and "bidx" not in kwargs:
        if len(band_names) >= 3:
            kwargs["bidx"] = [1, 2, 3]
    elif isinstance(bands, list) and "bidx" not in kwargs:
        if all(isinstance(x, int) for x in bands):
            if len(set(bands)) == 1:
                bands = bands[0]
            kwargs["bidx"] = bands
        elif all(isinstance(x, str) for x in bands):
            if len(set(bands)) == 1:
                bands = bands[0]
            kwargs["bidx"] = [band_names.index(x) + 1 for x in bands]
        else:
            raise ValueError("Bands must be a list of integers or strings.")

    if "palette" in kwargs:
        kwargs["colormap_name"] = kwargs["palette"].lower()
        del kwargs["palette"]

    if "bidx" not in kwargs:
        kwargs["bidx"] = [1]
    elif isinstance(kwargs["bidx"], int):
        kwargs["bidx"] = [kwargs["bidx"]]

    if len(kwargs["bidx"]) == 1 and ("colormap" not in kwargs):
        colormap = _get_image_colormap(url)
        if colormap is not None:
            kwargs["colormap"] = colormap

    if "rescale" not in kwargs and ("colormap" not in kwargs):
        try:
            stats = cog_stats(url, titiler_endpoint)
        except Exception as e:
            titiler_endpoint = "https://titiler.xyz"
            stats = cog_stats(url, titiler_endpoint)

        if "message" not in stats:
            try:
                rescale = []
                for i in band_names:
                    rescale.append(
                        "{},{}".format(
                            stats[i]["percentile_2"],
                            stats[i]["percentile_98"],
                        )
                    )
                kwargs["rescale"] = rescale
            except Exception as e:
                pass

    if "colormap" in kwargs and isinstance(kwargs["colormap"], dict):
        kwargs["colormap"] = json.dumps(kwargs["colormap"])

    TileMatrixSetId = "WebMercatorQuad"
    if "TileMatrixSetId" in kwargs.keys():
        TileMatrixSetId = kwargs["TileMatrixSetId"]
        kwargs.pop("TileMatrixSetId")

    if "default_vis" in kwargs.keys() and kwargs["default_vis"]:
        kwargs = {"url": url}

    try:
        r = requests.get(
            f"{titiler_endpoint}/cog/{TileMatrixSetId}/tilejson.json",
            params=kwargs,
            timeout=10,
        ).json()
    except Exception as e:
        titiler_endpoint = "https://titiler.xyz"
        r = requests.get(
            f"{titiler_endpoint}/cog/{TileMatrixSetId}/tilejson.json",
            params=kwargs,
            timeout=10,
        ).json()
    return r["tiles"][0]

cog_tile_vmin_vmax(url, bands=None, titiler_endpoint=None, percentile=True, **kwargs)

Get a tile layer from a Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) and return the minimum and maximum values.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

HTTP URL to a COG, e.g., https://opendata.digitalglobe.com/events/mauritius-oil-spill/post-event/2020-08-12/105001001F1B5B00/105001001F1B5B00.tif

required
bands Optional[List[str]]

List of bands to use. Defaults to None.

None
titiler_endpoint Optional[str]

TiTiler endpoint. Defaults to "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space".

None
percentile Optional[bool]

Whether to use percentiles or not. Defaults to True.

True
**kwargs Any

Additional keyword arguments.

{}

Returns:

Type Description
Tuple[float, float]

A tuple containing the minimum and maximum values.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def cog_tile_vmin_vmax(
    url: str,
    bands: Optional[List[str]] = None,
    titiler_endpoint: Optional[str] = None,
    percentile: Optional[bool] = True,
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> Tuple[float, float]:
    """Get a tile layer from a Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) and return the minimum and maximum values.

    Args:
        url: HTTP URL to a COG, e.g.,
            https://opendata.digitalglobe.com/events/mauritius-oil-spill/post-event/2020-08-12/105001001F1B5B00/105001001F1B5B00.tif
        bands: List of bands to use. Defaults to None.
        titiler_endpoint: TiTiler endpoint. Defaults to "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space".
        percentile: Whether to use percentiles or not. Defaults to True.
        **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments.

    Returns:
        A tuple containing the minimum and maximum values.
    """

    titiler_endpoint = check_titiler_endpoint(titiler_endpoint)
    stats = cog_stats(url, titiler_endpoint)

    if isinstance(bands, str):
        bands = [bands]

    if bands is not None:
        stats = {s: stats[s] for s in stats if s in bands}

    if percentile:
        vmin = min([stats[s]["percentile_2"] for s in stats])
        vmax = max([stats[s]["percentile_98"] for s in stats])
    else:
        vmin = min([stats[s]["min"] for s in stats])
        vmax = max([stats[s]["max"] for s in stats])

    return vmin, vmax

create_mosaicjson(images, output)

Create a mosaicJSON file from a list of images.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
images str | list

A list of image URLs or a URL to a text file containing a list of image URLs.

required
output str

The output mosaicJSON file path.

required
Source code in anymap/stac.py
def create_mosaicjson(images, output):
    """Create a mosaicJSON file from a list of images.

    Args:
        images (str | list): A list of image URLs or a URL to a text file containing a list of image URLs.
        output (str): The output mosaicJSON file path.

    """
    try:
        from cogeo_mosaic.mosaic import MosaicJSON
        from cogeo_mosaic.backends import MosaicBackend
    except ImportError:
        raise ImportError(
            "cogeo-mosaic is required to use this function. "
            "Install with `pip install cogeo-mosaic`."
        )

    if isinstance(images, str):
        if images.startswith("http"):
            import urllib.request

            with urllib.request.urlopen(images) as f:
                file_contents = f.read().decode("utf-8")
                images = file_contents.strip().split("\n")
        elif not os.path.exists(images):
            raise FileNotFoundError(f"{images} does not exist.")

    elif not isinstance(images, list):
        raise ValueError("images must be a list or a URL.")

    mosaic = MosaicJSON.from_urls(images)
    with MosaicBackend(output, mosaic_def=mosaic) as f:
        f.write(overwrite=True)

download_data_catalogs(out_dir=None, quiet=True, overwrite=False)

Download geospatial data catalogs from https://github.com/giswqs/geospatial-data-catalogs.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
out_dir str

The output directory. Defaults to None.

None
quiet bool

Whether to suppress the download progress bar. Defaults to True.

True
overwrite bool

Whether to overwrite the existing data catalog. Defaults to False.

False

Returns:

Type Description
str

The path to the downloaded data catalog.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def download_data_catalogs(
    out_dir: Optional[str] = None,
    quiet: Optional[bool] = True,
    overwrite: Optional[bool] = False,
) -> str:
    """Download geospatial data catalogs from https://github.com/giswqs/geospatial-data-catalogs.

    Args:
        out_dir (str, optional): The output directory. Defaults to None.
        quiet (bool, optional): Whether to suppress the download progress bar. Defaults to True.
        overwrite (bool, optional): Whether to overwrite the existing data catalog. Defaults to False.

    Returns:
        str: The path to the downloaded data catalog.
    """
    import tempfile
    import gdown
    import zipfile

    if out_dir is None:
        out_dir = tempfile.gettempdir()
    elif not os.path.exists(out_dir):
        os.makedirs(out_dir)

    url = "https://github.com/giswqs/geospatial-data-catalogs/archive/refs/heads/master.zip"

    out_file = os.path.join(out_dir, "geospatial-data-catalogs.zip")
    work_dir = os.path.join(out_dir, "geospatial-data-catalogs-master")

    if os.path.exists(work_dir) and not overwrite:
        return work_dir
    else:
        gdown.download(url, out_file, quiet=quiet)
        with zipfile.ZipFile(out_file, "r") as zip_ref:
            zip_ref.extractall(out_dir)
        return work_dir

flatten_dict(my_dict, parent_key=False, sep='.')

Flattens a nested dictionary.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
my_dict dict

The dictionary to flatten.

required
parent_key bool

Whether to include the parent key. Defaults to False.

False
sep str

The separator to use. Defaults to '.'.

'.'

Returns:

Type Description
dict

The flattened dictionary.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def flatten_dict(my_dict, parent_key=False, sep="."):
    """Flattens a nested dictionary.

    Args:
        my_dict (dict): The dictionary to flatten.
        parent_key (bool, optional): Whether to include the parent key. Defaults to False.
        sep (str, optional): The separator to use. Defaults to '.'.

    Returns:
        dict: The flattened dictionary.
    """

    flat_dict = {}
    for key, value in my_dict.items():
        if not isinstance(value, dict):
            flat_dict[key] = value
        else:
            sub_dict = flatten_dict(value)
            for sub_key, sub_value in sub_dict.items():
                if parent_key:
                    flat_dict[parent_key + sep + sub_key] = sub_value
                else:
                    flat_dict[sub_key] = sub_value

    return flat_dict

Retrieve the URL of the GeoTIFF asset from a STAC Item.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
item_url str

The URL to a STAC Item JSON.

required

Returns:

Type Description
str

URL of the first .tif asset, or None if not found.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def get_cog_link_from_stac_item(item_url: str) -> str:
    """
    Retrieve the URL of the GeoTIFF asset from a STAC Item.

    Args:
        item_url (str): The URL to a STAC Item JSON.

    Returns:
        str: URL of the first .tif asset, or None if not found.
    """
    try:
        response = requests.get(item_url)
        response.raise_for_status()
        item = response.json()

        # Look for any asset ending in .tif
        for asset_key, asset in item.get("assets", {}).items():
            href = asset.get("href", "")
            if href.endswith(".tif") or ".tif?" in href:
                return href

        print("No .tif asset found in item.")
        return None
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Failed to retrieve STAC item: {e}")
        return None

maxar_all_items(collection_id, return_gdf=True, assets=['visual'], verbose=True, **kwargs)

Retrieve STAC items from Maxar's public STAC API.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
collection_id str

The collection ID, e.g., Kahramanmaras-turkey-earthquake-23 Use maxar_collections() to retrieve all available collection IDs.

required
return_gdf bool

If True, return a GeoDataFrame. Defaults to True.

True
assets list

A list of asset names to include in the GeoDataFrame. It can be "visual", "ms_analytic", "pan_analytic", "data-mask". Defaults to ['visual'].

['visual']
verbose bool

If True, print progress. Defaults to True.

True
**kwargs

Additional keyword arguments to pass to the pystac Catalog.from_file() method.

{}

Returns:

Type Description
GeoDataFrame | pystac.ItemCollection

If return_gdf is True, return a GeoDataFrame.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def maxar_all_items(
    collection_id: str,
    return_gdf: Optional[bool] = True,
    assets: Optional[List] = ["visual"],
    verbose: Optional[bool] = True,
    **kwargs,
):
    """Retrieve STAC items from Maxar's public STAC API.

    Args:
        collection_id (str): The collection ID, e.g., Kahramanmaras-turkey-earthquake-23
            Use maxar_collections() to retrieve all available collection IDs.
        return_gdf (bool, optional): If True, return a GeoDataFrame. Defaults to True.
        assets (list, optional): A list of asset names to include in the GeoDataFrame.
            It can be "visual", "ms_analytic", "pan_analytic", "data-mask". Defaults to ['visual'].
        verbose (bool, optional): If True, print progress. Defaults to True.
        **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments to pass to the pystac Catalog.from_file() method.

    Returns:
        GeoDataFrame | pystac.ItemCollection: If return_gdf is True, return a GeoDataFrame.
    """

    child_ids = maxar_child_collections(collection_id, **kwargs)
    for index, child_id in enumerate(child_ids):
        if verbose:
            print(
                f"Processing ({str(index+1).zfill(len(str(len(child_ids))))} out of {len(child_ids)}): {child_id} ..."
            )
        items = maxar_items(collection_id, child_id, return_gdf, assets, **kwargs)
        if return_gdf:
            if child_id == child_ids[0]:
                gdf = items
            else:
                gdf = pd.concat([gdf, items], ignore_index=True)
        else:
            if child_id == child_ids[0]:
                items_all = items
            else:
                items_all.extend(items)

    if return_gdf:
        return gdf
    else:
        return items_all

maxar_child_collections(collection_id, return_ids=True, **kwargs)

Get a list of Maxar child collections.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
collection_id str

The collection ID, e.g., Kahramanmaras-turkey-earthquake-23 Use maxar_collections() to retrieve all available collection IDs.

required
return_ids bool

Whether to return the collection ids. Defaults to True.

True
**kwargs

Additional keyword arguments to pass to the pystac Catalog.from_file() method.

{}

Returns:

Type Description
list

A list of Maxar child collections.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def maxar_child_collections(
    collection_id: str, return_ids: Optional[bool] = True, **kwargs
) -> List:
    """Get a list of Maxar child collections.

    Args:
        collection_id (str): The collection ID, e.g., Kahramanmaras-turkey-earthquake-23
            Use maxar_collections() to retrieve all available collection IDs.
        return_ids (bool, optional): Whether to return the collection ids. Defaults to True.
        **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments to pass to the pystac Catalog.from_file() method.

    Returns:
        list: A list of Maxar child collections.
    """

    import tempfile
    from pystac import Catalog

    file_path = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), f"maxar-{collection_id}.txt")
    if return_ids:
        if os.path.exists(file_path):
            with open(file_path, "r") as f:
                return [line.strip() for line in f.readlines()]

    if "MAXAR_STAC_API" in os.environ:
        url = os.environ["MAXAR_STAC_API"]
    else:
        url = "https://maxar-opendata.s3.amazonaws.com/events/catalog.json"

    root_catalog = Catalog.from_file(url, **kwargs)

    collections = root_catalog.get_child(collection_id).get_collections()

    if return_ids:
        collection_ids = [collection.id for collection in collections]
        with open(file_path, "w") as f:
            f.write("\n".join(collection_ids))
        return collection_ids

    else:
        return collections

maxar_collection_url(collection, dtype='geojson', raw=True)

Retrieve the URL to a Maxar Open Data collection.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
collection str

The collection ID, e.g., Kahramanmaras-turkey-earthquake-23. Use maxar_collections() to retrieve all available collection IDs.

required
dtype str

The data type. It can be 'geojson' or 'tsv'. Defaults to 'geojson'.

'geojson'
raw bool

If True, return the raw URL. Defaults to True.

True

Returns:

Type Description
str

The URL to the collection.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def maxar_collection_url(collection, dtype="geojson", raw=True):
    """Retrieve the URL to a Maxar Open Data collection.

    Args:
        collection (str): The collection ID, e.g., Kahramanmaras-turkey-earthquake-23.
            Use maxar_collections() to retrieve all available collection IDs.
        dtype (str, optional): The data type. It can be 'geojson' or 'tsv'. Defaults to 'geojson'.
        raw (bool, optional): If True, return the raw URL. Defaults to True.

    Returns:
        str: The URL to the collection.
    """
    collections = maxar_collections()
    if collection not in collections:
        raise ValueError(
            f"Invalid collection name. Use maxar_collections() to retrieve all available collection IDs."
        )

    if dtype not in ["geojson", "tsv"]:
        raise ValueError(f"Invalid dtype. It can be 'geojson' or 'tsv'.")

    if raw:
        url = f"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/giswqs/maxar-open-data/master/datasets/{collection}.{dtype}"
    else:
        url = f"https://github.com/giswqs/maxar-open-data/blob/master/datasets/{collection}.{dtype}"
    return url

maxar_collections(return_ids=True, **kwargs)

Get a list of Maxar collections.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
return_ids bool

Whether to return the collection ids. Defaults to True.

True
**kwargs

Additional keyword arguments to pass to the pystac Catalog.from_file() method.

{}

Returns:

Type Description
list

A list of Maxar collections.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def maxar_collections(return_ids: Optional[bool] = True, **kwargs) -> List:
    """Get a list of Maxar collections.

    Args:
        return_ids (bool, optional): Whether to return the collection ids. Defaults to True.
        **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments to pass to the pystac Catalog.from_file() method.

    Returns:
        list : A list of Maxar collections.
    """

    import tempfile
    from pystac import Catalog
    import pandas as pd

    if return_ids:
        url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/giswqs/maxar-open-data/master/datasets.csv"
        df = pd.read_csv(url)
        return df["dataset"].tolist()

    file_path = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), "maxar-collections.txt")
    if return_ids:
        if os.path.exists(file_path):
            with open(file_path, "r") as f:
                return [line.strip() for line in f.readlines()]

    if "MAXAR_STAC_API" in os.environ:
        url = os.environ["MAXAR_STAC_API"]
    else:
        url = "https://maxar-opendata.s3.amazonaws.com/events/catalog.json"

    root_catalog = Catalog.from_file(url, **kwargs)

    collections = root_catalog.get_collections()

    # if return_ids:
    #     collection_ids = [collection.id for collection in collections]
    #     with open(file_path, "w") as f:
    #         f.write("\n".join(collection_ids))

    #     return collection_ids
    # else:
    return collections

maxar_download(images, out_dir=None, quiet=False, proxy=None, speed=None, use_cookies=True, verify=True, id=None, fuzzy=False, resume=False, overwrite=False)

Download Mxar Open Data images.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
images str | images

The list of image links or a file path to a geojson or tsv containing the Maxar download links.

required
out_dir str

The output directory. Defaults to None.

None
quiet bool

Suppress terminal output. Default is False.

False
proxy str

Proxy. Defaults to None.

None
speed float

Download byte size per second (e.g., 256KB/s = 256 * 1024). Defaults to None.

None
use_cookies bool

Flag to use cookies. Defaults to True.

True
verify bool | str

Either a bool, in which case it controls whether the server's TLS certificate is verified, or a string, in which case it must be a path to a CA bundle to use. Default is True.. Defaults to True.

True
id str

Google Drive's file ID. Defaults to None.

None
fuzzy bool

Fuzzy extraction of Google Drive's file Id. Defaults to False.

False
resume bool

Resume the download from existing tmp file if possible. Defaults to False.

False
overwrite bool

Overwrite the file if it already exists. Defaults to False.

False
Source code in anymap/stac.py
def maxar_download(
    images,
    out_dir=None,
    quiet=False,
    proxy=None,
    speed=None,
    use_cookies=True,
    verify=True,
    id=None,
    fuzzy=False,
    resume=False,
    overwrite=False,
):
    """Download Mxar Open Data images.

    Args:
        images (str | images): The list of image links or a file path to a geojson or tsv containing the Maxar download links.
        out_dir (str, optional): The output directory. Defaults to None.
        quiet (bool, optional): Suppress terminal output. Default is False.
        proxy (str, optional): Proxy. Defaults to None.
        speed (float, optional): Download byte size per second (e.g., 256KB/s = 256 * 1024). Defaults to None.
        use_cookies (bool, optional): Flag to use cookies. Defaults to True.
        verify (bool | str, optional): Either a bool, in which case it controls whether the server's TLS certificate is verified, or a string,
            in which case it must be a path to a CA bundle to use. Default is True.. Defaults to True.
        id (str, optional): Google Drive's file ID. Defaults to None.
        fuzzy (bool, optional): Fuzzy extraction of Google Drive's file Id. Defaults to False.
        resume (bool, optional): Resume the download from existing tmp file if possible. Defaults to False.
        overwrite (bool, optional): Overwrite the file if it already exists. Defaults to False.

    """
    import gdown

    if out_dir is None:
        out_dir = os.getcwd()

    if isinstance(images, str):
        if images.endswith(".geojson"):
            import geopandas as gpd

            data = gpd.read_file(images)
            images = data["visual"].tolist()
        elif images.endswith(".tsv"):
            import pandas as pd

            data = pd.read_csv(images, sep="\t")
            images = data["visual"].tolist()
        else:
            raise ValueError(f"Invalid file type. It can be 'geojson' or 'tsv'.")

    if not os.path.exists(out_dir):
        os.makedirs(out_dir)

    for index, image in enumerate(images):
        items = image.split("/")
        file_name = items[7] + ".tif"
        dir_name = items[-1].split("-")[0]
        if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(out_dir, dir_name)):
            os.makedirs(os.path.join(out_dir, dir_name))
        out_file = os.path.join(out_dir, dir_name, file_name)
        if os.path.exists(out_file) and (not overwrite):
            print(f"{out_file} already exists. Skipping...")
            continue
        if not quiet:
            print(
                f"Downloading {str(index+1).zfill(len(str(len(images))))} out of {len(images)}: {dir_name}/{file_name}"
            )

        gdown.download(
            image, out_file, quiet, proxy, speed, use_cookies, verify, id, fuzzy, resume
        )

maxar_items(collection_id, child_id, return_gdf=True, assets=['visual'], **kwargs)

Retrieve STAC items from Maxar's public STAC API.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
collection_id str

The collection ID, e.g., Kahramanmaras-turkey-earthquake-23 Use maxar_collections() to retrieve all available collection IDs.

required
child_id str

The child collection ID, e.g., 1050050044DE7E00 Use maxar_child_collections() to retrieve all available child collection IDs.

required
return_gdf bool

If True, return a GeoDataFrame. Defaults to True.

True
assets list

A list of asset names to include in the GeoDataFrame. It can be "visual", "ms_analytic", "pan_analytic", "data-mask". Defaults to ['visual'].

['visual']
**kwargs

Additional keyword arguments to pass to the pystac Catalog.from_file() method.

{}

Returns:

Type Description
GeoDataFrame | pystac.ItemCollection

If return_gdf is True, return a GeoDataFrame.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def maxar_items(
    collection_id: str,
    child_id: str,
    return_gdf: Optional[bool] = True,
    assets: Optional[List] = ["visual"],
    **kwargs,
):
    """Retrieve STAC items from Maxar's public STAC API.

    Args:
        collection_id (str): The collection ID, e.g., Kahramanmaras-turkey-earthquake-23
            Use maxar_collections() to retrieve all available collection IDs.
        child_id (str): The child collection ID, e.g., 1050050044DE7E00
            Use maxar_child_collections() to retrieve all available child collection IDs.
        return_gdf (bool, optional): If True, return a GeoDataFrame. Defaults to True.
        assets (list, optional): A list of asset names to include in the GeoDataFrame.
            It can be "visual", "ms_analytic", "pan_analytic", "data-mask". Defaults to ['visual'].
        **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments to pass to the pystac Catalog.from_file() method.

    Returns:
        GeoDataFrame | pystac.ItemCollection: If return_gdf is True, return a GeoDataFrame.
    """

    import pickle
    import tempfile
    from pystac import Catalog, ItemCollection

    file_path = os.path.join(
        tempfile.gettempdir(), f"maxar-{collection_id}-{child_id}.pkl"
    )

    if os.path.exists(file_path):
        with open(file_path, "rb") as f:
            items = pickle.load(f)
        if return_gdf:
            import geopandas as gpd

            gdf = gpd.GeoDataFrame.from_features(
                pystac.ItemCollection(items).to_dict(), crs="EPSG:4326"
            )
            # convert bbox column type from list to string
            gdf["proj:bbox"] = [",".join(map(str, l)) for l in gdf["proj:bbox"]]
            if assets is not None:
                if isinstance(assets, str):
                    assets = [assets]
                elif not isinstance(assets, list):
                    raise ValueError("assets must be a list or a string.")

                for asset in assets:
                    links = []
                    for item in items:
                        if asset in item.get_assets():
                            link = item.get_assets()[asset].get_absolute_href()
                            links.append(link)
                        else:
                            links.append("")

                    gdf[asset] = links

            return gdf
        else:
            return items

    if "MAXAR_STAC_API" in os.environ:
        url = os.environ["MAXAR_STAC_API"]
    else:
        url = "https://maxar-opendata.s3.amazonaws.com/events/catalog.json"

    root_catalog = Catalog.from_file(url, **kwargs)

    collection = root_catalog.get_child(collection_id)
    child = collection.get_child(child_id)

    items = ItemCollection(child.get_all_items())

    with open(file_path, "wb") as f:
        pickle.dump(items, f)

    if return_gdf:
        import geopandas as gpd

        gdf = gpd.GeoDataFrame.from_features(
            pystac.ItemCollection(items).to_dict(), crs="EPSG:4326"
        )
        # convert bbox column type from list to string
        gdf["proj:bbox"] = [",".join(map(str, l)) for l in gdf["proj:bbox"]]
        if assets is not None:
            if isinstance(assets, str):
                assets = [assets]
            elif not isinstance(assets, list):
                raise ValueError("assets must be a list or a string.")

            for asset in assets:
                links = []
                for item in items:
                    if asset in item.get_assets():
                        link = item.get_assets()[asset].get_absolute_href()
                        links.append(link)
                    else:
                        links.append("")

                gdf[asset] = links

        return gdf
    else:
        return items

maxar_refresh()

Refresh the cached Maxar STAC items.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def maxar_refresh():
    """Refresh the cached Maxar STAC items."""
    import tempfile

    temp_dir = tempfile.gettempdir()
    for f in os.listdir(temp_dir):
        if f.startswith("maxar-"):
            os.remove(os.path.join(temp_dir, f))

    print("Maxar STAC items cache has been refreshed.")

Search Maxar Open Data by collection ID, date range, and/or bounding box.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
collection str

The collection ID, e.g., Kahramanmaras-turkey-earthquake-23. Use maxar_collections() to retrieve all available collection IDs.

required
start_date str

The start date, e.g., 2023-01-01. Defaults to None.

None
end_date str

The end date, e.g., 2023-12-31. Defaults to None.

None
bbox list | GeoDataFrame

The bounding box to filter by. Can be a list of 4 coordinates or a file path or a GeoDataFrame.

None
within bool

Whether to filter by the bounding box or the bounding box's interior. Defaults to False.

False
align bool

If True, automatically aligns GeoSeries based on their indices. If False, the order of elements is preserved.

True

Returns:

Type Description
GeoDataFrame

A GeoDataFrame containing the search results.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def maxar_search(
    collection, start_date=None, end_date=None, bbox=None, within=False, align=True
):
    """Search Maxar Open Data by collection ID, date range, and/or bounding box.

    Args:
        collection (str): The collection ID, e.g., Kahramanmaras-turkey-earthquake-23.
            Use maxar_collections() to retrieve all available collection IDs.
        start_date (str, optional): The start date, e.g., 2023-01-01. Defaults to None.
        end_date (str, optional): The end date, e.g., 2023-12-31. Defaults to None.
        bbox (list | GeoDataFrame): The bounding box to filter by. Can be a list of 4 coordinates or a file path or a GeoDataFrame.
        within (bool, optional): Whether to filter by the bounding box or the bounding box's interior. Defaults to False.
        align (bool, optional): If True, automatically aligns GeoSeries based on their indices. If False, the order of elements is preserved.

    Returns:
        GeoDataFrame: A GeoDataFrame containing the search results.
    """
    import datetime
    import pandas as pd
    import geopandas as gpd
    from shapely.geometry import Polygon

    collections = maxar_collections()
    if collection not in collections:
        raise ValueError(
            f"Invalid collection name. Use maxar_collections() to retrieve all available collection IDs."
        )

    url = f"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/giswqs/maxar-open-data/master/datasets/{collection}.geojson"
    data = gpd.read_file(url)

    if bbox is not None:
        bbox = gpd.GeoDataFrame(
            geometry=[Polygon.from_bounds(*bbox)],
            crs="epsg:4326",
        )
        if within:
            data = data[data.within(bbox.unary_union, align=align)]
        else:
            data = data[data.intersects(bbox.unary_union, align=align)]

    date_field = "datetime"
    new_field = f"{date_field}_temp"
    data[new_field] = pd.to_datetime(data[date_field])

    if end_date is None:
        end_date = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")

    if start_date is None:
        start_date = data[new_field].min()

    mask = (data[new_field] >= start_date) & (data[new_field] <= end_date)
    result = data.loc[mask]
    return result.drop(columns=[new_field], axis=1)

maxar_tile_url(collection, tile, dtype='geojson', raw=True)

Retrieve the URL to a Maxar Open Data tile.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
collection str

The collection ID, e.g., Kahramanmaras-turkey-earthquake-23. Use maxar_collections() to retrieve all available collection IDs.

required
tile str

The tile ID, e.g., 10300500D9F8E600.

required
dtype str

The data type. It can be 'geojson', 'json' or 'tsv'. Defaults to 'geojson'.

'geojson'
raw bool

If True, return the raw URL. Defaults to True.

True

Returns:

Type Description
str

The URL to the tile.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def maxar_tile_url(collection, tile, dtype="geojson", raw=True):
    """Retrieve the URL to a Maxar Open Data tile.

    Args:

        collection (str): The collection ID, e.g., Kahramanmaras-turkey-earthquake-23.
            Use maxar_collections() to retrieve all available collection IDs.
        tile (str): The tile ID, e.g., 10300500D9F8E600.
        dtype (str, optional): The data type. It can be 'geojson', 'json' or 'tsv'. Defaults to 'geojson'.
        raw (bool, optional): If True, return the raw URL. Defaults to True.

    Returns:
        str: The URL to the tile.
    """

    collections = maxar_collections()
    if collection not in collections:
        raise ValueError(
            f"Invalid collection name. Use maxar_collections() to retrieve all available collection IDs."
        )

    if dtype not in ["geojson", "json", "tsv"]:
        raise ValueError(f"Invalid dtype. It can be 'geojson', 'json' or 'tsv'.")

    if raw:
        url = f"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/giswqs/maxar-open-data/master/datasets/{collection}/{tile}.{dtype}"
    else:
        url = f"https://github.com/giswqs/maxar-open-data/blob/master/datasets/{collection}/{tile}.{dtype}"

    return url

Search OpenAerialMap (https://openaerialmap.org) and return a GeoDataFrame or list of image metadata.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
bbox list | str

The bounding box [xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax] to search within. Defaults to None.

None
start_date str

The start date to search within, such as "2015-04-20T00:00:00.000Z". Defaults to None.

None
end_date str

The end date to search within, such as "2015-04-21T00:00:00.000Z". Defaults to None.

None
limit int

The maximum number of results to return. Defaults to 100.

100
return_gdf bool

If True, return a GeoDataFrame, otherwise return a list. Defaults to True.

True
**kwargs

Additional keyword arguments to pass to the API. See https://hotosm.github.io/oam-api/

{}

Returns:

Type Description
GeoDataFrame | list

If return_gdf is True, return a GeoDataFrame. Otherwise, return a list.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def oam_search(
    bbox=None, start_date=None, end_date=None, limit=100, return_gdf=True, **kwargs
):
    """Search OpenAerialMap (https://openaerialmap.org) and return a GeoDataFrame or list of image metadata.

    Args:
        bbox (list | str, optional): The bounding box [xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax] to search within. Defaults to None.
        start_date (str, optional): The start date to search within, such as "2015-04-20T00:00:00.000Z". Defaults to None.
        end_date (str, optional): The end date to search within, such as "2015-04-21T00:00:00.000Z". Defaults to None.
        limit (int, optional): The maximum number of results to return. Defaults to 100.
        return_gdf (bool, optional): If True, return a GeoDataFrame, otherwise return a list. Defaults to True.
        **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments to pass to the API. See https://hotosm.github.io/oam-api/

    Returns:
        GeoDataFrame | list: If return_gdf is True, return a GeoDataFrame. Otherwise, return a list.
    """

    from shapely.geometry import Polygon
    import geopandas as gpd

    url = "https://api.openaerialmap.org/meta"
    if bbox is not None:
        if isinstance(bbox, str):
            bbox = [float(x) for x in bbox.split(",")]
        if not isinstance(bbox, list):
            raise ValueError("bbox must be a list.")
        if len(bbox) != 4:
            raise ValueError("bbox must be a list of 4 numbers.")
        bbox = ",".join(map(str, bbox))
        kwargs["bbox"] = bbox

    if start_date is not None:
        kwargs["acquisition_from"] = start_date

    if end_date is not None:
        kwargs["acquisition_to"] = end_date

    if limit is not None:
        kwargs["limit"] = limit

    try:
        r = requests.get(url, params=kwargs).json()
        if "results" in r:
            results = []
            for result in r["results"]:
                if "geojson" in result:
                    del result["geojson"]
                if "projection" in result:
                    del result["projection"]
                if "footprint" in result:
                    del result["footprint"]
                result = flatten_dict(result)
                results.append(result)

            if not return_gdf:
                return results
            else:
                df = pd.DataFrame(results)

                polygons = [Polygon.from_bounds(*bbox) for bbox in df["bbox"]]
                gdf = gpd.GeoDataFrame(geometry=polygons, crs="epsg:4326")

                return pd.concat([gdf, df], axis=1)

        else:
            print("No results found.")
            return None

    except Exception as e:
        return None

stac_assets(url=None, collection=None, item=None, titiler_endpoint=None, **kwargs)

Get all assets of a STAC item.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

HTTP URL to a STAC item, e.g., https://canada-spot-ortho.s3.amazonaws.com/canada_spot_orthoimages/canada_spot5_orthoimages/S5_2007/S5_11055_6057_20070622/S5_11055_6057_20070622.json

None
collection str

The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC collection ID, e.g., landsat-8-c2-l2.

None
item str

The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC item ID, e.g., LC08_L2SP_047027_20201204_02_T1.

None
titiler_endpoint str

TiTiler endpoint, e.g., "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space", "planetary-computer", "pc". Defaults to None.

None

Returns:

Type Description
list

A list of assets.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def stac_assets(
    url: str = None,
    collection: str = None,
    item: str = None,
    titiler_endpoint: Optional[str] = None,
    **kwargs,
) -> List:
    """Get all assets of a STAC item.

    Args:
        url (str): HTTP URL to a STAC item, e.g., https://canada-spot-ortho.s3.amazonaws.com/canada_spot_orthoimages/canada_spot5_orthoimages/S5_2007/S5_11055_6057_20070622/S5_11055_6057_20070622.json
        collection (str): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC collection ID, e.g., landsat-8-c2-l2.
        item (str): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC item ID, e.g., LC08_L2SP_047027_20201204_02_T1.
        titiler_endpoint (str, optional): TiTiler endpoint, e.g., "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space", "planetary-computer", "pc". Defaults to None.

    Returns:
        list: A list of assets.
    """

    if url is None and collection is None:
        raise ValueError("Either url or collection must be specified.")

    if collection is not None and titiler_endpoint is None:
        titiler_endpoint = "planetary-computer"

    if isinstance(url, pystac.Item):
        try:
            url = url.self_href
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)

    if url is not None:
        kwargs["url"] = url
    if collection is not None:
        kwargs["collection"] = collection
    if item is not None:
        kwargs["item"] = item

    titiler_endpoint = check_titiler_endpoint(titiler_endpoint)
    if isinstance(titiler_endpoint, str):
        r = requests.get(f"{titiler_endpoint}/stac/assets", params=kwargs).json()
    else:
        r = requests.get(titiler_endpoint.url_for_stac_assets(), params=kwargs).json()

    return r

stac_bands(url=None, collection=None, item=None, titiler_endpoint=None, **kwargs)

Get band names of a single SpatialTemporal Asset Catalog (STAC) item.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

HTTP URL to a STAC item, e.g., https://canada-spot-ortho.s3.amazonaws.com/canada_spot_orthoimages/canada_spot5_orthoimages/S5_2007/S5_11055_6057_20070622/S5_11055_6057_20070622.json

None
collection str

The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC collection ID, e.g., landsat-8-c2-l2.

None
item str

The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC item ID, e.g., LC08_L2SP_047027_20201204_02_T1.

None
titiler_endpoint str

TiTiler endpoint, e.g., "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space", "planetary-computer", "pc". Defaults to None.

None

Returns:

Type Description
list

A list of band names

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def stac_bands(
    url: str = None,
    collection: str = None,
    item: str = None,
    titiler_endpoint: Optional[str] = None,
    **kwargs,
) -> List:
    """Get band names of a single SpatialTemporal Asset Catalog (STAC) item.

    Args:
        url (str): HTTP URL to a STAC item, e.g., https://canada-spot-ortho.s3.amazonaws.com/canada_spot_orthoimages/canada_spot5_orthoimages/S5_2007/S5_11055_6057_20070622/S5_11055_6057_20070622.json
        collection (str): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC collection ID, e.g., landsat-8-c2-l2.
        item (str): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC item ID, e.g., LC08_L2SP_047027_20201204_02_T1.
        titiler_endpoint (str, optional): TiTiler endpoint, e.g., "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space", "planetary-computer", "pc". Defaults to None.

    Returns:
        list: A list of band names
    """

    if url is None and collection is None:
        raise ValueError("Either url or collection must be specified.")

    if collection is not None and titiler_endpoint is None:
        titiler_endpoint = "planetary-computer"

    if isinstance(url, pystac.Item):
        try:
            url = url.self_href
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)

    if url is not None:
        kwargs["url"] = url
    if collection is not None:
        kwargs["collection"] = collection
    if item is not None:
        kwargs["item"] = item

    titiler_endpoint = check_titiler_endpoint(titiler_endpoint)
    if isinstance(titiler_endpoint, str):
        r = requests.get(f"{titiler_endpoint}/stac/assets", params=kwargs).json()
    else:
        r = requests.get(titiler_endpoint.url_for_stac_assets(), params=kwargs).json()

    return r

stac_bounds(url=None, collection=None, item=None, titiler_endpoint=None, **kwargs)

Get the bounding box of a single SpatialTemporal Asset Catalog (STAC) item.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

HTTP URL to a STAC item, e.g., https://canada-spot-ortho.s3.amazonaws.com/canada_spot_orthoimages/canada_spot5_orthoimages/S5_2007/S5_11055_6057_20070622/S5_11055_6057_20070622.json

None
collection str

The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC collection ID, e.g., landsat-8-c2-l2.

None
item str

The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC item ID, e.g., LC08_L2SP_047027_20201204_02_T1.

None
titiler_endpoint str

TiTiler endpoint, e.g., "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space", "planetary-computer", "pc". Defaults to None.

None

Returns:

Type Description
list

A list of values representing [left, bottom, right, top]

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def stac_bounds(
    url: str = None,
    collection: str = None,
    item: str = None,
    titiler_endpoint: Optional[str] = None,
    **kwargs,
) -> List:
    """Get the bounding box of a single SpatialTemporal Asset Catalog (STAC) item.

    Args:
        url (str): HTTP URL to a STAC item, e.g., https://canada-spot-ortho.s3.amazonaws.com/canada_spot_orthoimages/canada_spot5_orthoimages/S5_2007/S5_11055_6057_20070622/S5_11055_6057_20070622.json
        collection (str): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC collection ID, e.g., landsat-8-c2-l2.
        item (str): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC item ID, e.g., LC08_L2SP_047027_20201204_02_T1.
        titiler_endpoint (str, optional): TiTiler endpoint, e.g., "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space", "planetary-computer", "pc". Defaults to None.

    Returns:
        list: A list of values representing [left, bottom, right, top]
    """

    if url is None and collection is None:
        raise ValueError("Either url or collection must be specified.")

    if collection is not None and titiler_endpoint is None:
        titiler_endpoint = "planetary-computer"

    if isinstance(url, pystac.Item):
        try:
            url = url.self_href
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)

    if url is not None:
        kwargs["url"] = url
        response = requests.get(url)
        r = response.json()
        if "mosaicjson" in r:
            if "bounds" in r:
                return r["bounds"]

    if collection is not None:
        kwargs["collection"] = collection
    if item is not None:
        kwargs["item"] = item

    titiler_endpoint = check_titiler_endpoint(titiler_endpoint)

    if isinstance(titiler_endpoint, str):
        r = requests.get(f"{titiler_endpoint}/stac/bounds", params=kwargs).json()
    else:
        r = requests.get(titiler_endpoint.url_for_stac_bounds(), params=kwargs).json()

    bounds = r["bounds"]
    return bounds

stac_center(url=None, collection=None, item=None, titiler_endpoint=None, **kwargs)

Get the centroid of a single SpatialTemporal Asset Catalog (STAC) item.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

HTTP URL to a STAC item, e.g., https://canada-spot-ortho.s3.amazonaws.com/canada_spot_orthoimages/canada_spot5_orthoimages/S5_2007/S5_11055_6057_20070622/S5_11055_6057_20070622.json

None
collection str

The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC collection ID, e.g., landsat-8-c2-l2.

None
item str

The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC item ID, e.g., LC08_L2SP_047027_20201204_02_T1.

None
titiler_endpoint str

TiTiler endpoint, e.g., "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space", "planetary-computer", "pc". Defaults to None.

None

Returns:

Type Description
tuple

A tuple representing (longitude, latitude)

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def stac_center(
    url: str = None,
    collection: str = None,
    item: str = None,
    titiler_endpoint: Optional[str] = None,
    **kwargs,
) -> Tuple[float, float]:
    """Get the centroid of a single SpatialTemporal Asset Catalog (STAC) item.

    Args:
        url (str): HTTP URL to a STAC item, e.g., https://canada-spot-ortho.s3.amazonaws.com/canada_spot_orthoimages/canada_spot5_orthoimages/S5_2007/S5_11055_6057_20070622/S5_11055_6057_20070622.json
        collection (str): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC collection ID, e.g., landsat-8-c2-l2.
        item (str): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC item ID, e.g., LC08_L2SP_047027_20201204_02_T1.
        titiler_endpoint (str, optional): TiTiler endpoint, e.g., "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space", "planetary-computer", "pc". Defaults to None.

    Returns:
        tuple: A tuple representing (longitude, latitude)
    """

    if isinstance(url, pystac.Item):
        try:
            url = url.self_href
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)

    bounds = stac_bounds(url, collection, item, titiler_endpoint, **kwargs)
    center = ((bounds[0] + bounds[2]) / 2, (bounds[1] + bounds[3]) / 2)  # (lon, lat)
    return center

stac_client(url, headers=None, parameters=None, ignore_conformance=False, modifier=None, request_modifier=None, stac_io=None, return_col_id=False, get_root=True, **kwargs)

Get the STAC client. It wraps the pystac.Client.open() method. See https://pystac-client.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api.html#pystac_client.Client.open

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

The URL of a STAC Catalog.

required
headers dict

A dictionary of additional headers to use in all requests made to any part of this Catalog/API. Defaults to None.

None
parameters dict

Optional dictionary of query string parameters to include in all requests. Defaults to None.

None
ignore_conformance bool

Ignore any advertised Conformance Classes in this Catalog/API. This means that functions will skip checking conformance, and may throw an unknown error if that feature is not supported, rather than a NotImplementedError. Defaults to False.

False
modifier function

A callable that modifies the children collection and items returned by this Client. This can be useful for injecting authentication parameters into child assets to access data from non-public sources. Defaults to None.

None
request_modifier function

A callable that either modifies a Request instance or returns a new one. This can be useful for injecting Authentication headers and/or signing fully-formed requests (e.g. signing requests using AWS SigV4). The callable should expect a single argument, which will be an instance of requests.Request. If the callable returns a requests.Request, that will be used. Alternately, the callable may simply modify the provided request object and return None.

None
stac_io pystac.stac_io

A StacApiIO object to use for I/O requests. Generally, leave this to the default. However in cases where customized I/O processing is required, a custom instance can be provided here.

None
return_col_id bool

Return the collection ID. Defaults to False.

False
get_root bool

Get the root link of the STAC object. Defaults to True.

True
**kwargs

Additional keyword arguments to pass to the pystac.Client.open() method.

{}

Returns:

Type Description
pystac.Client

The STAC client.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def stac_client(
    url: str,
    headers: Optional[Dict] = None,
    parameters: Optional[Dict] = None,
    ignore_conformance: Optional[bool] = False,
    modifier: Optional[Callable] = None,
    request_modifier: Optional[Callable] = None,
    stac_io=None,
    return_col_id: Optional[bool] = False,
    get_root: Optional[bool] = True,
    **kwargs,
):
    """Get the STAC client. It wraps the pystac.Client.open() method. See
        https://pystac-client.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api.html#pystac_client.Client.open

    Args:
        url (str): The URL of a STAC Catalog.
        headers (dict, optional):  A dictionary of additional headers to use in all requests
            made to any part of this Catalog/API. Defaults to None.
        parameters (dict, optional): Optional dictionary of query string parameters to include in all requests.
            Defaults to None.
        ignore_conformance (bool, optional): Ignore any advertised Conformance Classes in this Catalog/API.
            This means that functions will skip checking conformance, and may throw an unknown error
            if that feature is not supported, rather than a NotImplementedError. Defaults to False.
        modifier (function, optional): A callable that modifies the children collection and items
            returned by this Client. This can be useful for injecting authentication parameters
            into child assets to access data from non-public sources. Defaults to None.
        request_modifier (function, optional): A callable that either modifies a Request instance or returns
            a new one. This can be useful for injecting Authentication headers and/or signing fully-formed
            requests (e.g. signing requests using AWS SigV4). The callable should expect a single argument,
            which will be an instance of requests.Request. If the callable returns a requests.Request, that
            will be used. Alternately, the callable may simply modify the provided request object and
            return None.
        stac_io (pystac.stac_io, optional): A StacApiIO object to use for I/O requests. Generally, leave
            this to the default. However in cases where customized I/O processing is required, a custom
            instance can be provided here.
        return_col_id (bool, optional): Return the collection ID. Defaults to False.
        get_root (bool, optional): Get the root link of the STAC object. Defaults to True.
        **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments to pass to the pystac.Client.open() method.

    Returns:
        pystac.Client: The STAC client.
    """
    from pystac_client import Client

    collection_id = None

    if not get_root:
        return_col_id = False

    try:
        if get_root:
            root = stac_root_link(url, return_col_id=return_col_id)
            # Handle case where root is None
            if root is None:
                if return_col_id:
                    root = (url, None)
                else:
                    root = url
        else:
            root = url

        if return_col_id:
            client = Client.open(
                root[0],
                headers,
                parameters,
                ignore_conformance,
                modifier,
                request_modifier,
                stac_io,
                **kwargs,
            )
            collection_id = root[1]
            return client, collection_id
        else:
            client = Client.open(
                root,
                headers,
                parameters,
                ignore_conformance,
                modifier,
                request_modifier,
                stac_io,
                **kwargs,
            )
            return client, client.id

    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
        return None

stac_collections(url, return_ids=False, get_root=True, **kwargs)

Get the collection IDs of a STAC catalog.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

The STAC catalog URL.

required
return_ids bool

Return collection IDs. Defaults to False.

False
get_root bool

Get the root link of the STAC object. Defaults to True.

True
**kwargs

Additional keyword arguments to pass to the stac_client() method.

{}

Returns:

Type Description
list

A list of collection IDs.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def stac_collections(
    url: str, return_ids: Optional[bool] = False, get_root=True, **kwargs
) -> List:
    """Get the collection IDs of a STAC catalog.

    Args:
        url (str): The STAC catalog URL.
        return_ids (bool, optional): Return collection IDs. Defaults to False.
        get_root (bool, optional): Get the root link of the STAC object. Defaults to True.
        **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments to pass to the stac_client() method.

    Returns:
        list: A list of collection IDs.
    """
    try:
        client, _ = stac_client(url, get_root=get_root, **kwargs)
        collections = client.get_all_collections()

        if return_ids:
            return [c.id for c in collections]
        else:
            return collections

    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
        return None

stac_info(url=None, collection=None, item=None, assets=None, titiler_endpoint=None, **kwargs)

Get band info of a STAC item.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

HTTP URL to a STAC item, e.g., https://canada-spot-ortho.s3.amazonaws.com/canada_spot_orthoimages/canada_spot5_orthoimages/S5_2007/S5_11055_6057_20070622/S5_11055_6057_20070622.json

None
collection str

The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC collection ID, e.g., landsat-8-c2-l2.

None
item str

The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC item ID, e.g., LC08_L2SP_047027_20201204_02_T1.

None
assets str | list

The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC asset ID, e.g., ["SR_B7", "SR_B5", "SR_B4"].

None
titiler_endpoint str

TiTiler endpoint, e.g., "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space", "planetary-computer", "pc". Defaults to None.

None

Returns:

Type Description
list

A dictionary of band info.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def stac_info(
    url: str = None,
    collection: str = None,
    item: str = None,
    assets: Union[str, List] = None,
    titiler_endpoint: Optional[str] = None,
    **kwargs,
) -> List:
    """Get band info of a STAC item.

    Args:
        url (str): HTTP URL to a STAC item, e.g., https://canada-spot-ortho.s3.amazonaws.com/canada_spot_orthoimages/canada_spot5_orthoimages/S5_2007/S5_11055_6057_20070622/S5_11055_6057_20070622.json
        collection (str): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC collection ID, e.g., landsat-8-c2-l2.
        item (str): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC item ID, e.g., LC08_L2SP_047027_20201204_02_T1.
        assets (str | list): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC asset ID, e.g., ["SR_B7", "SR_B5", "SR_B4"].
        titiler_endpoint (str, optional): TiTiler endpoint, e.g., "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space", "planetary-computer", "pc". Defaults to None.

    Returns:
        list: A dictionary of band info.
    """

    if url is None and collection is None:
        raise ValueError("Either url or collection must be specified.")

    if collection is not None and titiler_endpoint is None:
        titiler_endpoint = "planetary-computer"

    if isinstance(url, pystac.Item):
        try:
            url = url.self_href
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)

    if url is not None:
        kwargs["url"] = url
    if collection is not None:
        kwargs["collection"] = collection
    if item is not None:
        kwargs["item"] = item
    if assets is not None:
        kwargs["assets"] = assets

    titiler_endpoint = check_titiler_endpoint(titiler_endpoint)
    if isinstance(titiler_endpoint, str):
        r = requests.get(f"{titiler_endpoint}/stac/info", params=kwargs).json()
    else:
        r = requests.get(titiler_endpoint.url_for_stac_info(), params=kwargs).json()

    return r

stac_info_geojson(url=None, collection=None, item=None, assets=None, titiler_endpoint=None, **kwargs)

Get band info of a STAC item.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

HTTP URL to a STAC item, e.g., https://canada-spot-ortho.s3.amazonaws.com/canada_spot_orthoimages/canada_spot5_orthoimages/S5_2007/S5_11055_6057_20070622/S5_11055_6057_20070622.json

None
collection str

The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC collection ID, e.g., landsat-8-c2-l2.

None
item str

The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC item ID, e.g., LC08_L2SP_047027_20201204_02_T1.

None
assets str | list

The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC asset ID, e.g., ["SR_B7", "SR_B5", "SR_B4"].

None
titiler_endpoint str

TiTiler endpoint, e.g., "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space", "planetary-computer", "pc". Defaults to None.

None

Returns:

Type Description
list

A dictionary of band info.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def stac_info_geojson(
    url: str = None,
    collection: str = None,
    item: str = None,
    assets: Union[str, List] = None,
    titiler_endpoint: Optional[str] = None,
    **kwargs,
) -> List:
    """Get band info of a STAC item.

    Args:
        url (str): HTTP URL to a STAC item, e.g., https://canada-spot-ortho.s3.amazonaws.com/canada_spot_orthoimages/canada_spot5_orthoimages/S5_2007/S5_11055_6057_20070622/S5_11055_6057_20070622.json
        collection (str): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC collection ID, e.g., landsat-8-c2-l2.
        item (str): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC item ID, e.g., LC08_L2SP_047027_20201204_02_T1.
        assets (str | list): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC asset ID, e.g., ["SR_B7", "SR_B5", "SR_B4"].
        titiler_endpoint (str, optional): TiTiler endpoint, e.g., "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space", "planetary-computer", "pc". Defaults to None.

    Returns:
        list: A dictionary of band info.
    """

    if url is None and collection is None:
        raise ValueError("Either url or collection must be specified.")

    if collection is not None and titiler_endpoint is None:
        titiler_endpoint = "planetary-computer"

    if isinstance(url, pystac.Item):
        try:
            url = url.self_href
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)

    if url is not None:
        kwargs["url"] = url
    if collection is not None:
        kwargs["collection"] = collection
    if item is not None:
        kwargs["item"] = item
    if assets is not None:
        kwargs["assets"] = assets

    titiler_endpoint = check_titiler_endpoint(titiler_endpoint)
    if isinstance(titiler_endpoint, str):
        r = requests.get(f"{titiler_endpoint}/stac/info.geojson", params=kwargs).json()
    else:
        r = requests.get(
            titiler_endpoint.url_for_stac_info_geojson(), params=kwargs
        ).json()

    return r

stac_min_max(url=None, collection=None, item=None, assets=None, titiler_endpoint=None, **kwargs)

Get the min and max values of a STAC item.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

HTTP URL to a STAC item, e.g., https://canada-spot-ortho.s3.amazonaws.com/canada_spot_orthoimages/canada_spot5_orthoimages/S5_2007/S5_11055_6057_20070622/S5_11055_6057_20070622.json

None
collection str

The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC collection ID, e.g., landsat-8-c2-l2.

None
item str

The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC item ID, e.g., LC08_L2SP_047027_20201204_02_T1.

None
assets str | list

The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC asset ID, e.g., ["SR_B7", "SR_B5", "SR_B4"].

None
titiler_endpoint str

TiTiler endpoint, e.g., "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space", "planetary-computer", "pc". Defaults to None.

None

Returns:

Type Description
list

A dictionary of band statistics.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def stac_min_max(
    url: str = None,
    collection: str = None,
    item: str = None,
    assets: Union[str, List] = None,
    titiler_endpoint: Optional[str] = None,
    **kwargs,
) -> List:
    """Get the min and max values of a STAC item.

    Args:
        url (str): HTTP URL to a STAC item, e.g., https://canada-spot-ortho.s3.amazonaws.com/canada_spot_orthoimages/canada_spot5_orthoimages/S5_2007/S5_11055_6057_20070622/S5_11055_6057_20070622.json
        collection (str): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC collection ID, e.g., landsat-8-c2-l2.
        item (str): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC item ID, e.g., LC08_L2SP_047027_20201204_02_T1.
        assets (str | list): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC asset ID, e.g., ["SR_B7", "SR_B5", "SR_B4"].
        titiler_endpoint (str, optional): TiTiler endpoint, e.g., "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space", "planetary-computer", "pc". Defaults to None.

    Returns:
        list: A dictionary of band statistics.
    """

    stats = stac_stats(url, collection, item, assets, titiler_endpoint, **kwargs)

    values = stats.values()

    try:
        min_values = [v["min"] for v in values]
        max_values = [v["max"] for v in values]

        return min(min_values), max(max_values)
    except Exception as e:
        return None, None

stac_object_type(url, **kwargs)

Get the STAC object type.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

The STAC object URL.

required
**kwargs Any

Keyword arguments for pystac.STACObject.from_file().

{}

Returns:

Type Description
Optional[str]

The STAC object type, can be "catalog", "collection", or "item". Returns None if unable to determine type.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def stac_object_type(url: str, **kwargs: Any) -> Optional[str]:
    """Get the STAC object type.

    Args:
        url: The STAC object URL.
        **kwargs: Keyword arguments for pystac.STACObject.from_file().

    Returns:
        The STAC object type, can be "catalog", "collection", or "item".
        Returns None if unable to determine type.
    """
    try:
        obj = pystac.STACObject.from_file(url, **kwargs)

        if isinstance(obj, pystac.Collection):
            return "collection"
        elif isinstance(obj, pystac.Item):
            return "item"
        elif isinstance(obj, pystac.Catalog):
            return "catalog"

    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
        return None

stac_pixel_value(lon, lat, url=None, collection=None, item=None, assets=None, titiler_endpoint=None, verbose=True, **kwargs)

Get pixel value from STAC assets.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
lon float

Longitude of the pixel.

required
lat float

Latitude of the pixel.

required
url str

HTTP URL to a STAC item, e.g., https://canada-spot-ortho.s3.amazonaws.com/canada_spot_orthoimages/canada_spot5_orthoimages/S5_2007/S5_11055_6057_20070622/S5_11055_6057_20070622.json

None
collection str

The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC collection ID, e.g., landsat-8-c2-l2.

None
item str

The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC item ID, e.g., LC08_L2SP_047027_20201204_02_T1.

None
assets str | list

The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC asset ID, e.g., ["SR_B7", "SR_B5", "SR_B4"].

None
titiler_endpoint str

TiTiler endpoint, e.g., "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space", "planetary-computer", "pc". Defaults to None.

None
verbose bool

Print out the error message. Defaults to True.

True

Returns:

Type Description
list

A dictionary of pixel values for each asset.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def stac_pixel_value(
    lon: float,
    lat: float,
    url: str = None,
    collection: str = None,
    item: str = None,
    assets: Union[str, List] = None,
    titiler_endpoint: Optional[str] = None,
    verbose: Optional[bool] = True,
    **kwargs,
):
    """Get pixel value from STAC assets.

    Args:
        lon (float): Longitude of the pixel.
        lat (float): Latitude of the pixel.
        url (str): HTTP URL to a STAC item, e.g., https://canada-spot-ortho.s3.amazonaws.com/canada_spot_orthoimages/canada_spot5_orthoimages/S5_2007/S5_11055_6057_20070622/S5_11055_6057_20070622.json
        collection (str): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC collection ID, e.g., landsat-8-c2-l2.
        item (str): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC item ID, e.g., LC08_L2SP_047027_20201204_02_T1.
        assets (str | list): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC asset ID, e.g., ["SR_B7", "SR_B5", "SR_B4"].
        titiler_endpoint (str, optional): TiTiler endpoint, e.g., "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space", "planetary-computer", "pc". Defaults to None.
        verbose (bool, optional): Print out the error message. Defaults to True.

    Returns:
        list: A dictionary of pixel values for each asset.
    """

    if url is None and collection is None:
        raise ValueError("Either url or collection must be specified.")

    if collection is not None and titiler_endpoint is None:
        titiler_endpoint = "planetary-computer"

    if isinstance(url, pystac.Item):
        try:
            url = url.self_href
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)

    if url is not None:
        kwargs["url"] = url
    if collection is not None:
        kwargs["collection"] = collection
    if item is not None:
        kwargs["item"] = item

    if assets is None:
        assets = stac_assets(
            url=url,
            collection=collection,
            item=item,
            titiler_endpoint=titiler_endpoint,
        )
    kwargs["assets"] = assets

    titiler_endpoint = check_titiler_endpoint(titiler_endpoint)
    if isinstance(titiler_endpoint, str):

        r = requests.get(
            f"{titiler_endpoint}/stac/point/{lon},{lat}", params=kwargs
        ).json()
    else:
        r = requests.get(
            titiler_endpoint.url_for_stac_pixel_value(lon, lat), params=kwargs
        ).json()

    if "detail" in r:
        if verbose:
            print(r["detail"])
        return None
    else:
        values = r["values"]
        if isinstance(assets, str):
            assets = assets.split(",")
        result = dict(zip(assets, values))
        return result

Get the root link of a STAC object.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

The STAC object URL.

required
return_col_id Optional[bool]

Return the collection ID if the STAC object is a collection. Defaults to False.

False
**kwargs Any

Keyword arguments for pystac.STACObject.from_file().

{}

Returns:

Type Description
Union[str, Tuple[str, Optional[str]]]

The root link of the STAC object. Returns None if no root link found. If return_col_id is True, returns (root_link, collection_id).

Exceptions:

Type Description
ValueError

If FeatureCollection contains no features.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def stac_root_link(
    url: str, return_col_id: Optional[bool] = False, **kwargs: Any
) -> Union[str, Tuple[str, Optional[str]], None]:
    """Get the root link of a STAC object.

    Args:
        url: The STAC object URL.
        return_col_id: Return the collection ID if the STAC object
            is a collection. Defaults to False.
        **kwargs: Keyword arguments for pystac.STACObject.from_file().

    Returns:
        The root link of the STAC object. Returns None if no root link found.
        If return_col_id is True, returns (root_link, collection_id).

    Raises:
        ValueError: If FeatureCollection contains no features.
    """
    collection_id = None
    try:
        response = requests.get(url, **kwargs)
        response.raise_for_status()
        data = response.json()

        # Handle FeatureCollection from /items endpoint
        if data.get("type") == "FeatureCollection":
            features = data.get("features", [])
            if not features:
                raise ValueError("FeatureCollection contains no features.")
            item = pystac.Item.from_dict(features[0])
            collection_id = item.collection_id
            root = item.get_root_link()
            return (
                (root.get_href() if root else item.get_self_href(), collection_id)
                if return_col_id
                else root.get_href() if root else item.get_self_href()
            )

        # Handle STAC API objects (Collection, Catalog, etc.)
        links = data.get("links", [])
        root_href = None
        self_href = None

        for link in links:
            if link.get("rel") == "root":
                root_href = link.get("href")
            elif link.get("rel") == "self":
                self_href = link.get("href")

        # Get collection/catalog ID if requested
        if return_col_id:
            if data.get("type") in ["Collection", "Catalog"]:
                collection_id = data.get("id")

        # Determine the root href:
        # 1. If there's an explicit root link, use it
        # 2. If there's no root link but there's a self link, the self link is the root
        #    (this is common for root catalogs in STAC APIs)
        # 3. Otherwise, fall back to parsing as a regular STAC object
        if root_href:
            return (root_href, collection_id) if return_col_id else root_href
        elif self_href and not root_href:
            # When there's no root link, self link often indicates this IS the root
            return (self_href, collection_id) if return_col_id else self_href

        # Fallback: parse as regular STAC object using pystac
        obj = pystac.STACObject.from_dict(data)
        if isinstance(obj, (pystac.Collection, pystac.Catalog)):
            collection_id = obj.id

        root = obj.get_root_link()
        href = root.get_href() if root else obj.get_self_href()
        return (href, collection_id) if return_col_id else href

    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Failed to resolve STAC root from {url}: {e}")
        return (None, None) if return_col_id else None

Search a STAC API. The function wraps the pysatc_client.Client.search() method. See https://pystac-client.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api.html#pystac_client.Client.search

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

The STAC API URL.

required
method str

The HTTP method to use when making a request to the service. This must be either "GET", "POST", or None. If None, this will default to "POST". If a "POST" request receives a 405 status for the response, it will automatically retry with "GET" for all subsequent requests. Defaults to "POST".

'POST'
max_items init

The maximum number of items to return from the search, even if there are more matching results. This client to limit the total number of Items returned from the items(), item_collections(), and items_as_dicts methods(). The client will continue to request pages of items until the number of max items is reached. This parameter defaults to 100. Setting this to None will allow iteration over a possibly very large number of results.. Defaults to None.

None
limit int

A recommendation to the service as to the number of items to return per page of results. Defaults to 100.

100
ids list

List of one or more Item ids to filter on. Defaults to None.

None
collections list

List of one or more Collection IDs or pystac.Collection instances. Only Items in one of the provided Collections will be searched. Defaults to None.

None
bbox list | tuple

A list, tuple, or iterator representing a bounding box of 2D or 3D coordinates. Results will be filtered to only those intersecting the bounding box. Defaults to None.

None
intersects str | dict

A string or dictionary representing a GeoJSON geometry, or an object that implements a geo_interface property, as supported by several libraries including Shapely, ArcPy, PySAL, and geojson. Results filtered to only those intersecting the geometry. Defaults to None.

None
datetime str

Either a single datetime or datetime range used to filter results. You may express a single datetime using a datetime.datetime instance, a RFC 3339-compliant timestamp, or a simple date string (see below). Instances of datetime.datetime may be either timezone aware or unaware. Timezone aware instances will be converted to a UTC timestamp before being passed to the endpoint. Timezone unaware instances are assumed to represent UTC timestamps. You may represent a datetime range using a "/" separated string as described in the spec, or a list, tuple, or iterator of 2 timestamps or datetime instances. For open-ended ranges, use either ".." ('2020-01-01:00:00:00Z/..', ['2020-01-01:00:00:00Z', '..']) or a value of None (['2020-01-01:00:00:00Z', None]). If using a simple date string, the datetime can be specified in YYYY-mm-dd format, optionally truncating to YYYY-mm or just YYYY. Simple date strings will be expanded to include the entire time period. Defaults to None.

None
query list

List or JSON of query parameters as per the STAC API query extension. such as {"eo:cloud_cover":{"lt":10}}. Defaults to None.

None
filter dict

JSON of query parameters as per the STAC API filter extension. Defaults to None.

None
filter_lang str

Language variant used in the filter body. If filter is a dictionary or not provided, defaults to ‘cql2-json’. If filter is a string, defaults to cql2-text. Defaults to None.

None
sortby str | list

A single field or list of fields to sort the response by. such as [{ 'field': 'properties.eo:cloud_cover', 'direction': 'asc' }]. Defaults to None.

None
fields list

A list of fields to include in the response. Note this may result in invalid STAC objects, as they may not have required fields. Use items_as_dicts to avoid object unmarshalling errors. Defaults to None.

None
get_collection bool

True to return a pystac.ItemCollection. Defaults to False.

False
get_items bool

True to return a list of pystac.Item. Defaults to False.

False
get_assets bool

True to return a list of pystac.Asset. Defaults to False.

False
get_links bool

True to return a list of links. Defaults to False.

False
get_gdf bool

True to return a GeoDataFrame. Defaults to False.

False
get_info bool

True to return a dictionary of STAC items. Defaults to False.

False
get_root bool

Get the root link of the STAC object. Defaults to True.

True
**kwargs

Additional keyword arguments to pass to the stac_client() function.

{}

Returns:

Type Description
list | pystac.ItemCollection

The search results as a list of links or a pystac.ItemCollection.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def stac_search(
    url: str,
    method: Optional[str] = "POST",
    max_items: Optional[int] = None,
    limit: Optional[int] = 100,
    ids: Optional[List] = None,
    collections: Optional[List] = None,
    bbox: Optional[Union[List, Tuple]] = None,
    intersects: Optional[Union[str, Dict]] = None,
    datetime: Optional[str] = None,
    query: Optional[List] = None,
    filter: Optional[Dict] = None,
    filter_lang: Optional[str] = None,
    sortby: Optional[Union[List, str]] = None,
    fields: Optional[List] = None,
    get_collection: Optional[bool] = False,
    get_items: Optional[bool] = False,
    get_assets: Optional[bool] = False,
    get_links: Optional[bool] = False,
    get_gdf: Optional[bool] = False,
    get_info: Optional[bool] = False,
    get_root: Optional[bool] = True,
    **kwargs,
) -> List:
    """Search a STAC API. The function wraps the pysatc_client.Client.search() method. See
        https://pystac-client.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api.html#pystac_client.Client.search

    Args:
        url (str): The STAC API URL.
        method (str, optional): The HTTP method to use when making a request to the service.
            This must be either "GET", "POST", or None. If None, this will default to "POST".
            If a "POST" request receives a 405 status for the response, it will automatically
            retry with "GET" for all subsequent requests. Defaults to "POST".
        max_items (init, optional): The maximum number of items to return from the search,
            even if there are more matching results. This client to limit the total number of
            Items returned from the items(), item_collections(), and items_as_dicts methods().
            The client will continue to request pages of items until the number of max items
            is reached. This parameter defaults to 100. Setting this to None will allow iteration
            over a possibly very large number of results.. Defaults to None.
        limit (int, optional): A recommendation to the service as to the number of items to
            return per page of results. Defaults to 100.
        ids (list, optional): List of one or more Item ids to filter on. Defaults to None.
        collections (list, optional): List of one or more Collection IDs or pystac.Collection instances.
            Only Items in one of the provided Collections will be searched. Defaults to None.
        bbox (list | tuple, optional): A list, tuple, or iterator representing a bounding box of 2D
            or 3D coordinates. Results will be filtered to only those intersecting the bounding box.
            Defaults to None.
        intersects (str | dict, optional):  A string or dictionary representing a GeoJSON geometry, or
            an object that implements a __geo_interface__ property, as supported by several
            libraries including Shapely, ArcPy, PySAL, and geojson. Results filtered to only
            those intersecting the geometry. Defaults to None.
        datetime (str, optional): Either a single datetime or datetime range used to filter results.
            You may express a single datetime using a datetime.datetime instance, a RFC 3339-compliant
            timestamp, or a simple date string (see below). Instances of datetime.datetime may be either
            timezone aware or unaware. Timezone aware instances will be converted to a UTC timestamp
            before being passed to the endpoint. Timezone unaware instances are assumed to represent
            UTC timestamps. You may represent a datetime range using a "/" separated string as described
            in the spec, or a list, tuple, or iterator of 2 timestamps or datetime instances.
            For open-ended ranges, use either ".." ('2020-01-01:00:00:00Z/..', ['2020-01-01:00:00:00Z', '..'])
            or a value of None (['2020-01-01:00:00:00Z', None]). If using a simple date string,
            the datetime can be specified in YYYY-mm-dd format, optionally truncating to
            YYYY-mm or just YYYY. Simple date strings will be expanded to include the entire
            time period. Defaults to None.
        query (list, optional): List or JSON of query parameters as per the STAC API query extension.
            such as {"eo:cloud_cover":{"lt":10}}. Defaults to None.
        filter (dict, optional): JSON of query parameters as per the STAC API filter extension. Defaults to None.
        filter_lang (str, optional): Language variant used in the filter body. If filter is a dictionary
            or not provided, defaults to ‘cql2-json’. If filter is a string, defaults to cql2-text. Defaults to None.
        sortby (str | list, optional): A single field or list of fields to sort the response by.
            such as [{ 'field': 'properties.eo:cloud_cover', 'direction': 'asc' }]. Defaults to None.
        fields (list, optional): A list of fields to include in the response. Note this may result in
            invalid STAC objects, as they may not have required fields. Use items_as_dicts to avoid object
            unmarshalling errors. Defaults to None.
        get_collection (bool, optional): True to return a pystac.ItemCollection. Defaults to False.
        get_items (bool, optional): True to return a list of pystac.Item. Defaults to False.
        get_assets (bool, optional): True to return a list of pystac.Asset. Defaults to False.
        get_links (bool, optional): True to return a list of links. Defaults to False.
        get_gdf (bool, optional): True to return a GeoDataFrame. Defaults to False.
        get_info (bool, optional): True to return a dictionary of STAC items. Defaults to False.
        get_root (bool, optional): Get the root link of the STAC object. Defaults to True.
        **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments to pass to the stac_client() function.

    Returns:
        list | pystac.ItemCollection : The search results as a list of links or a pystac.ItemCollection.
    """

    client, collection_id = stac_client(
        url, return_col_id=True, get_root=get_root, **kwargs
    )

    if client is None:
        return None
    else:
        if isinstance(intersects, dict) and "geometry" in intersects:
            intersects = intersects["geometry"]

        if collection_id is not None and collections is None:
            collections = [collection_id]

        search = client.search(
            method=method,
            max_items=max_items,
            limit=limit,
            ids=ids,
            collections=collections,
            bbox=bbox,
            intersects=intersects,
            datetime=datetime,
            query=query,
            filter=filter,
            filter_lang=filter_lang,
            sortby=sortby,
            fields=fields,
        )

        if get_collection:
            return search.item_collection()
        elif get_items:
            return list(search.items())
        elif get_assets:
            assets = {}
            for item in search.items():
                assets[item.id] = {}
                for key, value in item.get_assets().items():
                    assets[item.id][key] = value.href
            return assets
        elif get_links:
            return [item.get_self_href() for item in search.items()]
        elif get_gdf:
            import geopandas as gpd

            gdf = gpd.GeoDataFrame.from_features(
                search.item_collection().to_dict(), crs="EPSG:4326"
            )
            return gdf
        elif get_info:
            items = search.items()
            info = {}
            for item in items:
                info[item.id] = {
                    "id": item.id,
                    "href": item.get_self_href(),
                    "bands": list(item.get_assets().keys()),
                    "assets": item.get_assets(),
                }
            return info
        else:
            return search

stac_search_to_df(search, **kwargs)

Convert STAC search result to a DataFrame.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
search pystac_client.item_search

The search result returned by leafmap.stac_search().

required
**kwargs

Additional keyword arguments to pass to the DataFrame.drop() function.

{}

Returns:

Type Description
DataFrame

A Pandas DataFrame object.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def stac_search_to_df(search, **kwargs) -> pd.DataFrame:
    """Convert STAC search result to a DataFrame.

    Args:
        search (pystac_client.item_search): The search result returned by leafmap.stac_search().
        **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments to pass to the DataFrame.drop() function.

    Returns:
        DataFrame: A Pandas DataFrame object.
    """
    gdf = stac_search_to_gdf(search)
    return gdf.drop(columns=["geometry"], **kwargs)

stac_search_to_dict(search, **kwargs)

Convert STAC search result to a dictionary.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
search pystac_client.item_search

The search result returned by leafmap.stac_search().

required

Returns:

Type Description
dict

A dictionary of STAC items, with the stac item id as the key, and the stac item as the value.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def stac_search_to_dict(search, **kwargs) -> Dict:
    """Convert STAC search result to a dictionary.

    Args:
        search (pystac_client.item_search): The search result returned by leafmap.stac_search().

    Returns:
        dict: A dictionary of STAC items, with the stac item id as the key, and the stac item as the value.
    """

    items = list(search.item_collection())
    info = {}
    for item in items:
        info[item.id] = {
            "id": item.id,
            "href": item.get_self_href(),
            "bands": list(item.get_assets().keys()),
            "assets": item.get_assets(),
        }
        links = {}
        assets = item.get_assets()
        for key, value in assets.items():
            links[key] = value.href
        info[item.id]["links"] = links
    return info

stac_search_to_gdf(search, **kwargs)

Convert STAC search result to a GeoDataFrame.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
search pystac_client.item_search

The search result returned by leafmap.stac_search().

required
**kwargs

Additional keyword arguments to pass to the GeoDataFrame.from_features() function.

{}

Returns:

Type Description
GeoDataFrame

A GeoPandas GeoDataFrame object.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def stac_search_to_gdf(search, **kwargs):
    """Convert STAC search result to a GeoDataFrame.

    Args:
        search (pystac_client.item_search): The search result returned by leafmap.stac_search().
        **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments to pass to the GeoDataFrame.from_features() function.

    Returns:
        GeoDataFrame: A GeoPandas GeoDataFrame object.
    """
    import geopandas as gpd

    gdf = gpd.GeoDataFrame.from_features(
        search.item_collection().to_dict(), crs="EPSG:4326", **kwargs
    )
    return gdf

stac_search_to_list(search, **kwargs)

Convert STAC search result to a list.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
search pystac_client.item_search

The search result returned by leafmap.stac_search().

required

Returns:

Type Description
list

A list of STAC items.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def stac_search_to_list(search, **kwargs) -> List:
    """Convert STAC search result to a list.

    Args:
        search (pystac_client.item_search): The search result returned by leafmap.stac_search().

    Returns:
        list: A list of STAC items.
    """

    return search.item_collections()

stac_stats(url=None, collection=None, item=None, assets=None, titiler_endpoint=None, **kwargs)

Get band statistics of a STAC item.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

HTTP URL to a STAC item, e.g., https://canada-spot-ortho.s3.amazonaws.com/canada_spot_orthoimages/canada_spot5_orthoimages/S5_2007/S5_11055_6057_20070622/S5_11055_6057_20070622.json

None
collection str

The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC collection ID, e.g., landsat-8-c2-l2.

None
item str

The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC item ID, e.g., LC08_L2SP_047027_20201204_02_T1.

None
assets str | list

The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC asset ID, e.g., ["SR_B7", "SR_B5", "SR_B4"].

None
titiler_endpoint str

TiTiler endpoint, e.g., "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space", "planetary-computer", "pc". Defaults to None.

None

Returns:

Type Description
list

A dictionary of band statistics.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def stac_stats(
    url: str = None,
    collection: str = None,
    item: str = None,
    assets: Union[str, List] = None,
    titiler_endpoint: Optional[str] = None,
    **kwargs,
) -> List:
    """Get band statistics of a STAC item.

    Args:
        url (str): HTTP URL to a STAC item, e.g., https://canada-spot-ortho.s3.amazonaws.com/canada_spot_orthoimages/canada_spot5_orthoimages/S5_2007/S5_11055_6057_20070622/S5_11055_6057_20070622.json
        collection (str): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC collection ID, e.g., landsat-8-c2-l2.
        item (str): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC item ID, e.g., LC08_L2SP_047027_20201204_02_T1.
        assets (str | list): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC asset ID, e.g., ["SR_B7", "SR_B5", "SR_B4"].
        titiler_endpoint (str, optional): TiTiler endpoint, e.g., "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space", "planetary-computer", "pc". Defaults to None.

    Returns:
        list: A dictionary of band statistics.
    """

    if url is None and collection is None:
        raise ValueError("Either url or collection must be specified.")

    if collection is not None and titiler_endpoint is None:
        titiler_endpoint = "planetary-computer"

    if isinstance(url, pystac.Item):
        try:
            url = url.self_href
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)

    if url is not None:
        kwargs["url"] = url
    if collection is not None:
        kwargs["collection"] = collection
    if item is not None:
        kwargs["item"] = item
    if assets is not None:
        kwargs["assets"] = assets

    titiler_endpoint = check_titiler_endpoint(titiler_endpoint)
    if isinstance(titiler_endpoint, str):
        r = requests.get(f"{titiler_endpoint}/stac/statistics", params=kwargs).json()
    else:
        r = requests.get(
            titiler_endpoint.url_for_stac_statistics(), params=kwargs
        ).json()

    return r

stac_tile(url=None, collection=None, item=None, assets=None, bands=None, titiler_endpoint=None, **kwargs)

Get a tile layer from a single SpatialTemporal Asset Catalog (STAC) item.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

HTTP URL to a STAC item, e.g., https://canada-spot-ortho.s3.amazonaws.com/canada_spot_orthoimages/canada_spot5_orthoimages/S5_2007/S5_11055_6057_20070622/S5_11055_6057_20070622.json

None
collection str

The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC collection ID, e.g., landsat-8-c2-l2.

None
item str

The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC item ID, e.g., LC08_L2SP_047027_20201204_02_T1.

None
assets str | list

The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC asset ID, e.g., ["SR_B7", "SR_B5", "SR_B4"].

None
bands list

A list of band names, e.g., ["SR_B7", "SR_B5", "SR_B4"]

None
titiler_endpoint str

TiTiler endpoint, e.g., "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space", "https://planetarycomputer.microsoft.com/api/data/v1", "planetary-computer", "pc". Defaults to None.

None

Returns:

Type Description
str

Returns the STAC Tile layer URL.

Source code in anymap/stac.py
def stac_tile(
    url: str = None,
    collection: str = None,
    item: str = None,
    assets: Union[str, List] = None,
    bands: list = None,
    titiler_endpoint: Optional[str] = None,
    **kwargs,
) -> str:
    """Get a tile layer from a single SpatialTemporal Asset Catalog (STAC) item.

    Args:
        url (str): HTTP URL to a STAC item, e.g., https://canada-spot-ortho.s3.amazonaws.com/canada_spot_orthoimages/canada_spot5_orthoimages/S5_2007/S5_11055_6057_20070622/S5_11055_6057_20070622.json
        collection (str): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC collection ID, e.g., landsat-8-c2-l2.
        item (str): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC item ID, e.g., LC08_L2SP_047027_20201204_02_T1.
        assets (str | list): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC asset ID, e.g., ["SR_B7", "SR_B5", "SR_B4"].
        bands (list): A list of band names, e.g., ["SR_B7", "SR_B5", "SR_B4"]
        titiler_endpoint (str, optional): TiTiler endpoint, e.g., "https://giswqs-titiler-endpoint.hf.space", "https://planetarycomputer.microsoft.com/api/data/v1", "planetary-computer", "pc". Defaults to None.

    Returns:
        str: Returns the STAC Tile layer URL.
    """
    import json

    if url is None and collection is None:
        raise ValueError("Either url or collection must be specified.")

    if collection is not None and titiler_endpoint is None:
        titiler_endpoint = "planetary-computer"

    if isinstance(url, pystac.Item):
        try:
            url = url.self_href
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)

    if url is not None:
        kwargs["url"] = url
    if collection is not None:
        kwargs["collection"] = collection
    if item is not None:
        kwargs["item"] = item

    if "palette" in kwargs:
        kwargs["colormap_name"] = kwargs["palette"].lower()
        del kwargs["palette"]

    if isinstance(bands, list) and len(set(bands)) == 1:
        bands = bands[0]

    if isinstance(assets, list) and len(set(assets)) == 1:
        assets = assets[0]

    titiler_endpoint = check_titiler_endpoint(titiler_endpoint)

    if "expression" in kwargs and ("asset_as_band" not in kwargs):
        kwargs["asset_as_band"] = True

    mosaic_json = False

    if isinstance(titiler_endpoint, PlanetaryComputerEndpoint):
        if isinstance(bands, str):
            bands = bands.split(",")
        if isinstance(assets, str):
            assets = assets.split(",")
        if assets is None and (bands is not None):
            assets = bands
        else:
            kwargs["bidx"] = bands

        kwargs["assets"] = assets

        if (
            (assets is not None)
            and ("asset_expression" not in kwargs)
            and ("expression" not in kwargs)
            and ("rescale" not in kwargs)
        ):
            try:
                stats = stac_stats(
                    collection=collection,
                    item=item,
                    assets=assets,
                    titiler_endpoint=titiler_endpoint,
                )
            except Exception as e:
                titiler_endpoint = "https://titiler.xyz"
                stats = stac_stats(
                    collection=collection,
                    item=item,
                    assets=assets,
                    titiler_endpoint=titiler_endpoint,
                )

            if "detail" not in stats:
                try:
                    percentile_2 = min([stats[s]["percentile_2"] for s in stats])
                    percentile_98 = max([stats[s]["percentile_98"] for s in stats])
                except:
                    percentile_2 = min(
                        [
                            stats[s][list(stats[s].keys())[0]]["percentile_2"]
                            for s in stats
                        ]
                    )
                    percentile_98 = max(
                        [
                            stats[s][list(stats[s].keys())[0]]["percentile_98"]
                            for s in stats
                        ]
                    )
                kwargs["rescale"] = f"{percentile_2},{percentile_98}"
            else:
                print(stats["detail"])  # When operation times out.

    else:
        data = requests.get(url).json()
        if "mosaicjson" in data:
            mosaic_json = True

        if isinstance(bands, str):
            bands = bands.split(",")
        if isinstance(assets, str):
            assets = assets.split(",")

        if assets is None:
            if bands is not None:
                assets = bands
            else:
                bnames = stac_bands(url)
                if isinstance(bnames, list):
                    if len(bnames) >= 3:
                        assets = bnames[0:3]
                    else:
                        assets = bnames[0]
                else:
                    assets = None

        else:
            if bands is not None:
                kwargs["asset_bidx"] = bands
        if assets is not None:
            kwargs["assets"] = assets

            if len(kwargs["assets"]) == 1 and ("colormap" not in kwargs):
                cog_url = get_cog_link_from_stac_item(url)
                colormap = _get_image_colormap(cog_url)
                if colormap is not None:
                    kwargs["colormap"] = colormap

        if (
            (assets is not None)
            and ("asset_expression" not in kwargs)
            and ("expression" not in kwargs)
            and ("rescale" not in kwargs)
            and ("colormap" not in kwargs)
        ):
            try:
                stats = stac_stats(
                    url=url,
                    assets=assets,
                    titiler_endpoint=titiler_endpoint,
                )
            except Exception as e:
                titiler_endpoint = "https://titiler.xyz"
                stats = stac_stats(
                    url=url,
                    assets=assets,
                    titiler_endpoint=titiler_endpoint,
                )

            if "detail" not in stats:
                try:
                    percentile_2 = min([stats[s]["percentile_2"] for s in stats])
                    percentile_98 = max([stats[s]["percentile_98"] for s in stats])
                except:
                    percentile_2 = min(
                        [
                            stats[s][list(stats[s].keys())[0]]["percentile_2"]
                            for s in stats
                        ]
                    )
                    percentile_98 = max(
                        [
                            stats[s][list(stats[s].keys())[0]]["percentile_98"]
                            for s in stats
                        ]
                    )
                kwargs["rescale"] = f"{percentile_2},{percentile_98}"
            else:
                print(stats["detail"])  # When operation times out.

    TileMatrixSetId = "WebMercatorQuad"
    if "TileMatrixSetId" in kwargs.keys():
        TileMatrixSetId = kwargs["TileMatrixSetId"]
        kwargs.pop("TileMatrixSetId")

    if "colormap" in kwargs and isinstance(kwargs["colormap"], dict):
        kwargs["colormap"] = json.dumps(kwargs["colormap"])

    if mosaic_json:
        try:
            r = requests.get(
                f"{titiler_endpoint}/mosaicjson/{TileMatrixSetId}/tilejson.json",
                params=kwargs,
                timeout=10,
            ).json()
        except Exception as e:
            titiler_endpoint = "https://titiler.xyz"
            r = requests.get(
                f"{titiler_endpoint}/mosaicjson/{TileMatrixSetId}/tilejson.json",
                params=kwargs,
                timeout=10,
            ).json()
    else:
        if isinstance(titiler_endpoint, str):
            try:
                r = requests.get(
                    f"{titiler_endpoint}/stac/{TileMatrixSetId}/tilejson.json",
                    params=kwargs,
                    timeout=10,
                ).json()
            except Exception as e:
                titiler_endpoint = "https://titiler.xyz"
                r = requests.get(
                    f"{titiler_endpoint}/stac/{TileMatrixSetId}/tilejson.json",
                    params=kwargs,
                    timeout=10,
                ).json()
        else:
            r = requests.get(
                titiler_endpoint.url_for_stac_item(), params=kwargs, timeout=10
            ).json()

    return r["tiles"][0]